點(diǎn)撥：英語四六級(jí)閱讀中的猜詞技巧

　　二. 內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系

　　根據(jù)內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系推測詞義是指運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)分析和判斷相關(guān)信息之間存在的邏輯關(guān)系,然后根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系推斷生詞詞義或大致義域。

1.根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系猜測詞義

　　在一個(gè)句子或段落中，有對(duì)兩個(gè)事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對(duì)比性的描述，我們可以根據(jù)生詞或難詞的反義詞猜測其詞義。

　　例如：

　　Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.

　　該例中supercilious對(duì)許多人來說可能是個(gè)生詞，但是句中短語in contrast，（相對(duì)照的，相對(duì)比的）可以提示我們supercilious和后面詞組humble and modest（謙卑又謙虛）是對(duì)比關(guān)系。分析出這種關(guān)系后，我們便能猜出supercilious意為"目空一切的，傲慢的"。

　　表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞匯和短語主要是unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 和while 引導(dǎo)的并列句等。

    A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.

    該句中并未出現(xiàn)上面提到的表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞或短語，但是通過上下文可以判斷出句子前后是對(duì)比關(guān)系，即把熟練工人與非熟練工人區(qū)分開。這時(shí)我們也能夠推斷出生詞adept的詞義，"熟練的"。

2. 根據(jù)比較關(guān)系猜測詞義

　　同對(duì)比關(guān)系相反，比較關(guān)系表示意義上的相似關(guān)系：

　　例如：

　　Green loves to talk and his brothers are similarly loquacious.

　　該句中副詞similarly表明短語loves to talk與生詞loquacious之間的比較關(guān)系。以此可以推斷出loquacious詞義為"健談的"。表示比較關(guān)系的詞和短語主要是similarly, like, just as, also等。

3.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義

　　在句子或段落種，若兩個(gè)事物、現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，我們可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系推知生詞詞義。

　　例如：

　　Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.

　　根據(jù)原因狀語從句的內(nèi)容，我們可以推斷出生詞autocratic指"獨(dú)斷專行的"。

　　There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd.

　　此句為結(jié)果狀語從句，根據(jù)從句的描書"許多示威者"，我們便可推知elbow的詞意"擠，擠過"。

4.根據(jù)同義詞的替代關(guān)系猜測詞義

　　在句子或段落種，我們可以利用熟悉的詞語，根據(jù)語言環(huán)境推斷生詞詞義。

　　例如：

　　Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.

　　作者為避免重復(fù)使用endanger一詞，用其同義詞jeopardize來替代它，由此推知其詞義為"使......陷入危險(xiǎn)，危及、危害"。

    Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.

    句中detrimental四個(gè)生詞，但判斷出harmful替代detrimental后，不難推斷出其詞義為"不利的，有害的"。