備戰(zhàn)2008年英語四六級考試：細節(jié)決定高分

　　引語篇：

　　直接引語

　　首先我們需要知道的是，引語分為直接引語與間接引語，在文章中但凡出現(xiàn)了引語，其引語內(nèi)容所要表達的思想僅僅是被引用人的觀點，除非作者對該內(nèi)容明顯表現(xiàn)出一定的態(tài)度，否則引語內(nèi)的所表達的思想僅僅是被引用人的，與作者態(tài)度無關(guān)，我們也可以說作者僅僅客觀地表述了一下他人的觀點而已。今天我們先看看直接引語部分，直接引語很好辨別，大家只要注意引號就可以了。最近真題中最具有代表性的是CET-4 2004.6閱讀理解當中的一篇：

　　As soon as it was revealed that a reporter for Progressive magazine had discovered how to make a hydrogen bomb, a group of firearm (火器) fans formed the National Hydrogen Bomb Association, and they are now lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one.

　　"The Constitution," said the association’s spokesman, "gives everyone the right to own arms. It doesn’t spell out what kind of arms. But since anyone can now make a hydrogen bomb, the public should be able to buy it to protect themselves."

　　"Don’t you think it’s dangerous to have one in the house, particularly where there are children around?"

　　"The National Hydrogen Bomb Association hopes to educate people in the safe handling of this type of weapon. We are instructing owners to keep the bomb in a locked cabinet and the fuse (導(dǎo)火索 ) separately in a drawer."

　　"Some people consider the hydrogen bomb a very fatal weapon which could kill somebody."

　　The spokesman said, "Hydrogen bombs don’t kill people - people kill people. The bomb is for self-protection and it also has a deterrent effect. If somebody knows you have a nuclear weapon in your house, they’re going to think twice about breaking in."

　　"But those who want to ban the bomb for American citizens claim that if you have one locked in the cabinet, with the fuse in a drawer, you would never be able to assemble it in time to stop an intruder (侵入者) "

　　"Another argument against allowing people to own a bomb is that at the moment it is very expensive to build one. So what your association is backing is a program which would allow the middle and upper classes to acquire a bomb while poor people will be left defenseless with just handguns."

　　我們不難看出，第一段是作者客觀地講述了一個事實，作者本身并沒有給出傾向性的意見。而隨后的段落都是有引號的。雖然里面對本文所講述的內(nèi)容有很多主觀的看法和見解，但是我們需要注意的是，這些見解是他人的，而非作者的。根據(jù)這篇文章我們可以知道部分是支持私人擁有氫彈者，部分是反對私人擁有氫彈者。

　　如17題Some people oppose the ownership of H-bombs by individuals on the ground that ______.以及19題, According to the passage , opponents of the private ownership of H-bombs are very much worried about that ______. 這里我們就需要根據(jù)說話者的身份在文章里面進行定位，關(guān)注哪些引語是引用了反對者的話語，并進行分析答題。

　　而具有爭議性的最后一道題目中，

　　From the tone of the passage we know that the author is _____.

　　A.doubtful about the necessity of keeping H-bombs at home for safety

　　B.unhappy with those who vote against the ownership of H-bombs

　　C.not serious about the private ownership of H-bombs

　　D.concerned about the spread of nuclear weapons

　　其中我們通過了解了引語的作用后，就可以知道作者在這篇文章中所表現(xiàn)出的立場是中立而客觀的，通過對四組詞組的分析，doubtful about, unhappy with, not serious about以及 concern about中，只有concern about關(guān)注并沒有體現(xiàn)住作者本身的情感立場問題，因此可以說D選項應(yīng)該是更符合的。

　　間接引語

　　前兩天跟大家討論了直接引語，今天我們來看看間接引語。首先我們要知道，在文章中間，間接引語的形式不僅僅局限在say that中，我們還需要注意諸如argue, think, consider, hold, insist, quarrel, feel等詞匯。例如在Cet-4 2002.1的一篇閱讀中：

　　Some pessimistic experts feel that …. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will….

　　What is the author’s attitude toward the future autos?

　　A. enthusiastic

　　B. pessimistic

　　C. optimistic

　　D. cautious

　　這里我們可以知道客觀事實中，專家對汽車的未來有兩種看法，而根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)作者是在談?wù)撐磥淼钠�車的，那么代表作者支持了后一種專家的看法。

　　Cet-4 2004.6

　　For decades educators fought his idea that …. They assumed language must be based on speech….

　　Most educators objected to Stokoe’s idea because they thought ______.

　　A. sign language was not extensively used even by deaf people

　　B. sign language was too artificial to be wide accepted

　　C. a language should be easy to use and understand

　　D. a language could only exist in the form of speech sounds

　　通過文章里他們說的內(nèi)容，很容易得到正確答案。

　　最近的一次四級考試中，…President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR’s oil would help ease California electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country’s energy independence….

　　What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR?

　　A.It will exhaust the nation’s oil reserves.

　　B.It will help secure the future of ANWR.

　　C.It will help reduce the nation’s oil imports.

　　D.It will increase American’s energy consumption.

　　我們通過argued可以定位到布什所講話的內(nèi)容，通過分析，可以知道他的觀點有兩個：一，減輕加州電力危機;二，推進國家能源獨立。通過對選項的分析，得出正確選項。

　　加強對間接引語的敏感，可以讓我們在進行閱讀的過程中，更加容易地對細節(jié)題目中題干的有效信息進行定位。

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