一、在英文中,名詞或名詞短語主要充當(dāng)四種成分,主語、賓語、表語和同位語。如果我們把句子當(dāng)作名詞來使用,分別在另一個句子中作主語、賓語、表語和同位語(見下表第二列),于是就構(gòu)成了四種從句:主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。因?yàn)橐詾檫@四種從句在本質(zhì)上相當(dāng)于名詞的作用,所以我們把他們統(tǒng)稱為名詞從句。請看例句:
簡單句 |
名詞從句 |
“Jane Eyre” is great. |
What I am reading is great. |
I believe his words. |
I believe what he said. |
French is a useful tool. |
This BMW is what I want. |
I like the car, Porsche. |
The mother must accept the fact that her baby is deaf. |
二、三種句子來充當(dāng)四種成分。(3,4)
上面說到名詞從句就是用一個完整句子充當(dāng)另一個句子的某種句子成分便構(gòu)成了具體某一名詞從句。
那么可以用什么樣的句子來充當(dāng)四種成分呢?答案是:
陳述句 |
Stuart is fat. |
一般疑問句 |
Does he eat more everyday? |
特殊疑問句 |
How much does he eat at home? |
三、陳述句可分別充當(dāng)四種句子成分(名詞從句的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容),要在陳述句首加上他that
對于陳述句,我們要在句首加上that,然后把“that+陳述句”分別放在另一個句子的四種位置即構(gòu)成四種名詞從句。
1.主語從句。“that+陳述句”在主語位置即成主語從句:
Stuart is ugly.
That Stuart is ugly is a fact..
That Malaysians don’t speak good English is obvious.
更常見的是用it式主語置于句首,而將主語從句放在句末。例如:
It is a fact that Stuart is ugly.
It is obvious that Malaysians don’t speak good English。
因此下面都是常見的主語從句句型:(¥)
① It is +過去分詞 +that 從句(found, believed, reported, thought, noted…)
、 It is +形容詞 +that 從句(clear, possible, likely, natural, certain, fortunate, necessary, strange…)
、 It is +名詞(短語) +that 從句(a pity, a shame, an honor, a good idea, a miracle…)
2. 賓語從句!皌hat+陳述句”在賓語位置即成賓語從句:
I think (that) you turned off the light.
We know (that) women love shopping.
She believed (that) her child was premature.
只有賓語從句中的that才可以省去,其他名從that不省。
3.表語從句!皌hat+陳述句”在表語位置即成表語從句:
My idea is that the students should be more open to each other.
The reason is that he was careless and irresponsible.(考點(diǎn))
4.同位語從句。“that+陳述句”在同位語位置即成同位語從句:
所謂同位語,就是用來補(bǔ)充說明名詞的成分。
The rumor that Tom washed his socks once a month turned out to be untrue.
Our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
A saying goes that tomorrow is another day.
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