1) 名詞直接放在句首作主語(yǔ)。例如:
Using the right hand to shake hands is a convention in many countries.
用右手握手是許多國(guó)家的一種習(xí)俗。
2) 動(dòng)名詞在“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名詞 + doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ),it為形式主語(yǔ)。例如:
It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.
寫(xiě)信給他不妥,他從來(lái)不回信。
It is no use your complaining; the company won’t do anything about it.
抱怨是沒(méi)有用的,公司是不會(huì)管的。
3) 動(dòng)名詞在“It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile 等形容詞 + doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)。例如:
It is good playing chess after supper.
晚飯后弈棋挺好。
It is useless speaking.
光說(shuō)是沒(méi)有用的。
4) 動(dòng)名詞在“There is(was) no + doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)。例如:
There is no denying that she is very efficient.
她效率高是不容否認(rèn)的。
There is no telling what he is going to do.
他要做什么一點(diǎn)消息都沒(méi)有。
2. 動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)
1) 有些動(dòng)詞后面要求跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。常這樣用的動(dòng)詞有:
admit 承認(rèn) ; excuse 原諒 ; postpone 拖延 ;anticipate 期望; fancy 想象
practise 練習(xí); appreciate 欣賞; finish 完成; prevent 防止; avoid 避免;
forbid 禁止; propose 建議; consider 考慮; forgive 寬恕; recollect 回憶;
delay 耽擱; imagine 想象; resent 厭惡; deny 否認(rèn); involve 涉及;
resist 抵制; detest 厭惡; keep 保留; risk 冒險(xiǎn); dislike 討厭; mind 在意; save 挽救; dread 害怕; miss 錯(cuò)過(guò); suggest 建議; enjoy 喜歡; pardon 原諒;
understand 理解; escape 逃避;permit 允許
例如:
I recommend buying the dictionary.
我建議買這本詞典。
I don’t anticipate meeting any opposition.
我估計(jì)不會(huì)遇到任何反對(duì)意見(jiàn)。
Will you admit having broken the window?
你承認(rèn)不承認(rèn)打破了窗戶?
2) 有些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后也要求跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。常這樣用的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有:
can’t stand 忍不住; can’t help 忍不; feel like 想,欲;
give up 放棄; put off 推遲
例如:
He put off making a decision till he had more information.
在獲得詳情之前,他沒(méi)有急于作出決定。
Do you feel like taking a walk?
你要不要去散步?
3) 動(dòng)名詞常跟在介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)后做賓語(yǔ)。常這樣用的介詞短語(yǔ)有:instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on, see about, take to 等。
例如:
We are looking forward to coming to China.
我們期待著來(lái)中國(guó)。
We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties.
我們終于克服了所有的困難。
4) 在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + 動(dòng)名詞; be busy (in) + 動(dòng)名詞;waste time (in) + 動(dòng)名詞;lost time (in) + 動(dòng)名詞;There is no point (in) + 動(dòng)名詞”等結(jié)構(gòu)中,動(dòng)名詞做介詞賓語(yǔ),in常要省去。例如:
The children are busy doing their homework.
孩子們忙于做作業(yè)。
There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again.
再做一次這種簡(jiǎn)單的實(shí)驗(yàn)是毫無(wú)意義的。
5) 在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中,用it作形式賓語(yǔ),將動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)放在后面。例如:
I consider it a waste of time arguing about it.
我認(rèn)為辯論這事是很浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的。
6) 在“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)中,be為動(dòng)名詞時(shí),該結(jié)構(gòu)也是一種帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞形式。例如:
We can imagine there being a lot of fuss about it.
我們可以想象到人們對(duì)此大驚小怪。
Were you disappointed at there not having been more gifts?
你對(duì)沒(méi)有更多的禮物感到失望嗎?
3. 動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式
1) 動(dòng)詞need, require, want, deserve后,用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。其用法相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
The watch needs repairing. (=The watch needs to be repaired.)
這塊表需要修理。
The problem deserves thinking about. (=The problem deservers to be thought about.)
這個(gè)問(wèn)題值得考慮。
2) 在(be)worth后面只能用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)態(tài)來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。例如:
His suggestion is worth considering.
他的提議值得考慮。