一、留意一詞多性
前面第三講中提到過(guò),進(jìn)行選項(xiàng)歸類(lèi)時(shí)要注意一詞多性,有些單詞既是名詞又是動(dòng)詞,有些單詞即是形容詞又是名詞,而有些分詞也可以充當(dāng)形容詞,備選項(xiàng)中的這種一詞多性的現(xiàn)象無(wú)形中擴(kuò)大了考生的選擇范圍,經(jīng)常會(huì)干擾考生的正確選擇。
【例】【原文】
Decades ago, there were only a 55 number of drugs available, and many of them caused significant side effects in older people, including dizziness and fatigue. 【選項(xiàng)】
[C]significant [H]magnificent
[J ] limited
【解析】選[C]。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,所填詞應(yīng)為形容詞,修飾number。如果不了解limited的形容詞用法而將其歸到動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞一類(lèi)的話,將很難做對(duì)本題。
二、留意一詞多義
篇章詞匯題的備選項(xiàng)中有很多單詞都是一詞多義,而且經(jīng)常是考查單詞的某個(gè)不太常用的詞義,因此考生在根據(jù)詞義排除選項(xiàng)時(shí)不可過(guò)于匆忙,要對(duì)該選項(xiàng)的含義進(jìn)行全面考慮。
【例】(51)
【原文】
Given the chance to demonstrate his ability, he regained confidence and began to succeed in school.
Today, he is a 51 doctor, runs his own clinic, and works with several hospitals. 【選項(xiàng)】
[F] native [H] effective
[J] prominent [K] decent
[L] countless
【解析】選[J]。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,所填詞應(yīng)為形容詞修飾名詞doctor。從上下文來(lái)看,此處應(yīng)該填一個(gè)表示積極意義的詞,描述“他”現(xiàn)在的成功。[J] prominent是一個(gè)多義詞,主要含義有“突起的,凸出的”、“顯著的,顯眼的”以及“杰出的,著名的”,如果只了解其前兩個(gè)含義,則很容易誤選[K] decent項(xiàng)。[K] decent也是一個(gè)多義詞,它可以表示“(行為、衣著等)得體的,合乎禮節(jié)的”、“(薪水、飯菜等)相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的”以及“(某人)和善的,親切的”,不符合此處的語(yǔ)境。
三、尋找近義詞
篇章詞匯理解的一個(gè)考查重點(diǎn)是考生對(duì)詞匯的精確理解,要求考生清楚把握詞匯間細(xì)微的區(qū)別。所以,如果備選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)一組近義詞時(shí),往往有一個(gè)是干擾選項(xiàng)。
【例】
【原文】
“I couldn’t understand anything,” he said. He hid from his teachers, came home in tears, and thought about dropping out.
Then Mrs. Malave, … “She helped me stay smart while teaching me English,” he said. Given the chance to demonstrate his ability, he 50 confidence and began to succeed in school. 【選項(xiàng)】
[B] acquired [D] regained
[I ]hid [M]recalled
【解析】選[D]。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,所填詞應(yīng)該是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,并能與confidence構(gòu)成合理的搭配。[D] regained和[M] recalled是一組近義詞,故很可能有一個(gè)是干擾項(xiàng),recall的意思是“召回,收回”或“記起,想起”,它可以表示“重新獲得對(duì)某事或某人的記憶”,而不能表示“重獲信心”,故本題答案應(yīng)為[D]。
四、尋找反義詞
篇章詞匯理解的又一考查重點(diǎn)是考生對(duì)于上下文語(yǔ)義的準(zhǔn)確理解和整篇文章語(yǔ)境色彩的把握。所以,如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)一組反義詞時(shí),往往有一個(gè)是干擾選項(xiàng)。
【例】
【原文】
As a solution to this problem, slaves were employed in every conceivable fashion. The 53 of occupations held by slave artisans is a clear example of why skilled slaves became very important agents in the rise of manufacturing. 【選項(xiàng)】
[F]scarcity [K] plenty
[M] diversity [O] implements
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