2009年6月英語四級考試完形填空中的名詞考查

　　更多信息請訪問：考試吧四六級欄目　考試吧四六級論壇

　　一、含有名詞的固定搭配

　　四級完形填空經常出現(xiàn)的考點之一便是對固定搭配的考查,例如:動詞詞組、介詞詞組和名詞詞組。在上述三類詞組中,會出現(xiàn)交叉測試現(xiàn)象,即對同一詞組的考查,有時側重名詞,有時則側重介詞等�？忌�需具備深厚扎實的基礎知識,注意在平時練習中對常見詞組進行積累,例如:beyond one's means(不能用measure,也不能用method,更不能用approach);by mistake (這個短語就不能說成by error或者by fault);in the long run (而不是period, interval或time)等等。

　　Sleep Smart records the distinct pattern of brain waves produced during each phase of sleep, via a head-band equipped with electrodes (電極) and a microprocessor. This measures the electrical activity of the wearer's brain, in much the same way as some machines used for medical and research , and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed. You program the clock with the latest time at which you want to be wakened, and it then duly (適時地) wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that.

　　A) findings B) prospects

　　C) proposals D) purposes

　　[解析]此題是對名詞的考查。固定搭配for ... purpose 表示"被用于......目的"。此句句意為:它測量被測試者腦電活動,其方式如同一些機器被用于醫(yī)療和研究一樣。正確選項應為D)。含有名詞的固定搭配在完形填空的測試中雖對考生對文章整體的把握要求較低,但對考生掌握英語固定搭配短語的質和量都提出了很高的要求,這也是對四級舊題型詞匯和語法部分的沿襲和延伸。

　　二、形近義異或義近形異名詞的辨析

　　形近義異或義近形異名詞的辨析是對四級舊題型詞匯和語法部分的另一類沿襲和延伸,它在要求考生對所給四個名詞做出確切中文解釋的同時,也要求考生對其細微差異做出準確判定。名詞常在用途和數量上有所區(qū)分。例如:英語中的license (執(zhí)照,許可證) 和certificate (證書,證明),前者是許可某人從事某種職業(yè)的證書,而后者則是證明某人有能力或者曾經做過某事的證書,還有:incident (有歷史意義的事件,插曲),event (重大事件,體育比賽的賽事),affair (時事,要事),emergency (緊急事件)。數量標準是區(qū)分英語名詞的關鍵,因為名詞最大的特點就在于其可數與不可數、單數與復數的劃分。例如:work不可數意義是工作,變成復數works 則指作品,也可用來指工廠。所以,在平時練習中,考生應培養(yǎng)進一步查閱單詞英文解釋的習慣,并了解單詞背后的文化蘊涵,捕獲名詞近義詞之間的微妙差異。

　　For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings mixed emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of as many as 10 people have had to shelter under a single tent and share cook stoves and bathing 1 with neighbors. "They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,"officials say. "They are dreaming of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start farming again."But most will be returning to nothing but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical lines have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers estimate that it will take years to re-build what the earthquake took away.And for the thousands of survivors, the 2 will never be complete.

　　1. A) facilities B) instrumentsC) implements D) appliances

　　2. A) reservation B) retreat C) replacement D) recovery

　　[解析]1題屬于完形填空中義近形異名詞的辨析,亦即俗稱的名詞近義詞的辨析。給定的四個名詞都含"工具,器械"的意思,但按照名詞的用途,很容易區(qū)分它們的異同。instrument 指"用于精細工作或科學技術的工具";implement指"在工作中任何有用或必需的器械", 尤指"較簡單的農田或園藝工具";appliance特指"家用電器";facility 常用作復數形式表示"設施"。故得出正確選項A),bathing facilities,洗澡設施。此外,表示"設施,工具"的其他近義詞還有:equipment (軍用裝備,野營用具) ,apparatus (一整套相連的設施) ,device (專門用途的設施)等。

　　2題屬于完形填空中形近義異名詞的辨析。四個詞含義分別為:reservation"保留";retreat"退卻,退避";replacement"取代,代替";re-covery"恢復"。由句意:對于成千上萬的幸存者,是不可能完全徹底地從這場地震中恢復的,得出正確選項D)。