孔子
孔子(Confucius)是中國歷史上影響最大、最受尊重的哲學(xué)家。從公元前100年到20世紀(jì)早期,孔子的理念是唯一一種極大影響中國社會的思想。
孔子本人從未寫下任何箴言(teachings)。如果不是他的弟子不辭勞苦記下他的談話和言論,今天孔子將是無名之輩。
孔子的言論在中國廣為流傳時,因其言論包含正確的哲理,人們接受了他的言論,歷朝歷代都將其確立為官方思想。儒家思想影響了中國的方方面面,包括教育、政府、公共和個人看法以及禮節(jié)。
參考譯文:
Confucius is the most influential and respected philosopher in Chinese history. His philosophy/ideas have exerted great influence on Chinese society from around 100 B.C. till the early 20th century.
Confucius never wrote down any of his own teachings. But for his disciples (弟子) who took the trouble to record his conversations and discourses, Confucius would have been a nobody today.
Being widespread across China, people accepted the teachings of Confucius for his sound principles, and all successive dynasties made them the official state ideology.
Confucianism then affected every aspects of Chinese society, including education, government, public and private attitudes, and etiquette.
難詞難句:
1.影響最大、最受尊重的:可譯為the most influential and respected。
2.對…有影響:可譯為have an influence on...,influence前面可以加形容詞來修飾。
3.寫下:可譯為write down。
4.如果不是…:可譯為but for…或者if not for…。
5.不辭勞苦:可用take the trouble to do sth.來表達。
6.無名之輩:可譯為nobody。
7.言論:這里的“言論”是指孔子的教導(dǎo)學(xué)說,可譯為teachings,意為“學(xué)說,箴言”。
8.歷朝歷代:可譯為all successive dynasties。
9.官方思想:即official state ideology。其中ideology意為“思想體系,思想意識”。
其他相關(guān)段落:
孔子(ConfUcius)是一位思想家、政治家,教育家,也是中國儒學(xué)(the Ru School)思想的創(chuàng)始人。儒學(xué)(Confucianism),這個道德和宗教哲學(xué)的大系統(tǒng)建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教學(xué)上。馮友蘭,中國思想史上20世紀(jì)偉大的的權(quán)威之一,把孔子在中國歷史上的影響比作西方的蘇格拉底。
參考譯文:
Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought.
Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy, was built upon the teachings of Master Kung.
Fung You-lan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius' influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.
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