民族類

　　常見篇章結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　XX民族是中國少數(shù)民族之有…人口， 分布于…。XX民族有自己的語言…，習(xí)俗為(穿著與文化等)…。最著名的節(jié)曰是 …。XX民族有自己獨特的文化…。XX民族擅長…。

　　萬能模板：

　　XX is one of the ethnic minorities in China.__________population, distributed in__________. XX nation has its own language_________. Custom for (dress and culture,etc.)_________.The most famous festival is__________. XX nation has its own unique culture__________.XX nationality is good at__________.

　　模擬考題：

　　1、 蒙古族

　　蒙古族是一個富有傳奇色彩的民族，對亞歐歷史進程產(chǎn)生過巨大的影響。全球蒙古民族共約有820萬，主要分布在中國、蒙古國、俄羅斯三個國家。蒙古族服飾包括長袍、腰帶、靴子、首飾等，但因地區(qū)不同在樣式上有所差異。中國境內(nèi)的蒙古族主要居住在內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)，全區(qū)現(xiàn)有蒙古族人口約達380萬。自古以來，蒙古族人善于騎射，素有"馬背上的民族"(the People on Horseback)之稱。

　　參考譯文：

　　Mongolia is a legendary nation that once had huge impact on the history of Asia and Europe. There are about 8.2 million Mongolian people in total in the whole world. They are mainly distributed in the three countries of China, Mongolia and Russia.Mongolian costumes include robes,belts,boots,jewelry,etc, that vary in different styles in different regions. Mongolians who live in the territory of China mainly reside in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,in which there are about 3.8 million Mongolian people.Since ancient times, Mongolian people are good at riding and shooting. They are known as "the People on Horseback".

　　2、 維吾爾族

　　維吾爾族(Uygur)是中國的一個少數(shù)民族。維吾爾族人喜歡喝奶茶，吃肉和用面粉烤制的馕(nang)。他們有自己的語言和文字。他們的文學(xué)具有一種獨特的民族風(fēng)格，其中“阿凡提的故事” (the Story of Afanti)深得中國各族人民的喜愛。維吾爾族是個能歌善舞的民族，每逢節(jié)日和婚禮，他們都會邀請客人和他們一起跳傳統(tǒng)民間舞蹈。他們的民歌優(yōu)美動聽，被廣泛傳唱。

　　參考譯文：

　　The Uygur is a Chinese ethnic minority.Uygur people like to drink milk tea, eat meat and nang baked with flour.They have their own spoken and written languages.Uygur literature is of a unique ethnic style, among which the Story of Afanti is favored by all ethnic groups in China.The Uygur people are good at singing and dancing.They will invite guests to join them in their traditional folk dance in festivals and wedding ceremonies.Their folk songs sound beautiful and are widely sung.

　　景點建筑

　　常見篇章結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　XX位于中國某省某地方。有……年的歷 史，占地面積為……，是中國最……的景點。XX始建于……朝代，當時用于……。XX已經(jīng)被列為……，吸引了世界各地的游客。

　　萬能模板：

　　XX is located in the province of a local Chinese.There____________.The history of the year, covers an area of_______________is China’s most__________ Scenic spots. XX was built in________________Dynasty,then used___________.XX has been listed as___________. Attracts tourists from all over the world.

　　比如：景德鎮(zhèn)被稱作"中國瓷都"，已經(jīng)有1700多年的歷史。Jingdezhen has a history of over 1,700 years, which is known as the capital of porcelain in China.

　　代表考題：

　　1、烏鎮(zhèn)(2016.6四級)

　　烏鎮(zhèn)是浙江的一座古老水鎮(zhèn)，坐落在京杭大運河河畔。這是一處迷人的地方，有許多古橋、中式旅店和餐館。在過去一千年里，烏鎮(zhèn)的水系和生活方式并未經(jīng)歷多少變化，是一座展現(xiàn)古文明的博物館。烏鎮(zhèn)所有房屋都用石木建筑。數(shù)百年來，當?shù)?沿著河邊建起了住宅和集市。無數(shù)寬敞美麗的庭院藏身于屋舍之間，游客們每到一處都會有驚喜的發(fā)現(xiàn)。

　　參考譯文：

　　Located on the riverside of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, Wuzhen of Zhejiang Province is an ancient water town. It is a fascinating place with many bridges, Chinese hotels and restaurants.Over the past millennium, the water system and the way of life in Wuzhen has not changed much. Wuzhen is a museum of ancient civilization. All the houses of Wuzhen are built of stone and wood. For centuries, the locals built dwellings and markets along the river. Countless beautiful and spacious courtyards hide between houses. Visitors will be taken by pleasant surprise wherever they go.

　　2、深圳(2016.6六級)

　　深圳是中國廣東省一座新開發(fā)的城市。在改革開放之前，深圳不過是一個漁村，僅有三萬多人。20世紀80年代，中國政府創(chuàng)建了深圳經(jīng)濟特區(qū)，作為實施社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的超級實驗田。如今，深圳的人口已經(jīng)超過1000萬，整個城市發(fā)生了巨大的 變化。

　　到2014年，深圳的人均(per-capita)GDP已達25000美元，相當于世界上一些發(fā)達國家的水平。就綜合經(jīng)濟實力而言，深圳居于中國頂尖城市之列。由于其獨特的地位，深圳也是國內(nèi)外企業(yè)家創(chuàng)業(yè)的理想之地。

　　參考翻譯：

　　Shenzhen is a newly developed city in Guangdong Province, China. Before the reform and opening-up, Shenzhen was simply a fishing village with just over 30,000 people. In the 1980s, the Chinese government created Shenzhen Special Economic Zone as an experimental ground for the practice of socialist market economy. Today, its population has exceeded 10 million and the whole city has undergone tremendous changes. Shenzhen’s pre-capita GDP had reached $ 25,000 by 2014, equal to that of some developed countries in the world. Shenzhen ranks among the top Chinese cities in terms of comprehensive economic power. Due to its unique statue, Shenzhen is also an ideal place for business startups by domestic or foreign entrepreneurs.

　　傳統(tǒng)文化

　　常見篇章結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　中國XX,最早起源于…多年前的…時期。每年…前后，人們都要…，以營造…氣 氛。后來，在中國人眼中，…象征著…，在文化傳統(tǒng)中…，已經(jīng)成為…的象征符號。

　　萬能模板：

　　Chinese ___________, originated in the __________ period _____________years ago. Every year before and after____________, people want to____________ , in order to create a____________atmosphere. Later, in the eyes of the Chinese people,___________ is a symbol of____________, in the cultural tradition of_____________ , has become a symbol of___________.

　　比如：中國燈籠，最早起源于1800多年前的西漢時期。Chinese lanterns first originated in Western Han Dynasty some 1,800 years ago.

　　代表考題：

　　(1)功夫(2016.6四級)

　　功夫(Kung Fu)是中國武術(shù)(martial arts)的俗稱。中國武術(shù)的起源可以追溯到自衛(wèi)的需要、狩獵活動以及古代中國的軍事訓(xùn)練。它是中國傳統(tǒng)體育運動的一種，年輕人和老年人都練。它已逐漸演變成了中國文化的獨特元素。它作為中國的國寶，功 夫有上百種不同的風(fēng)格，是世界上練得最多的武術(shù)形式。有些風(fēng)格模仿了動物的動作，還有—些則受到了中國哲學(xué)思想、神話和傳說的啟發(fā)。

　　參考譯文：

　　Kung Fu is commonly known as the Chinese martial arts, the origin of which can be traced back to the need of self-defense, hunting activities and military training in ancient China. It is one kind of Chinese traditional sports. The young and the old often practice it. It has gradually evolved into the unique elements of Chinese culture. As a national treasure of China, there are hundreds of different styles for Kung Fu, which is most common forms of martial arts. Some of styles imitate the movement of the animals, and some are inspired by Chinese philosophy, myths and legends.

　　2、旗袍

　　旗袍(qipao)是一種雅致的中國服裝，源于中國的滿族(Manchu Nationality)。在清代，旗袍是王室女性穿著的寬松長袍。上世紀20年代，受西方服飾的影響，旗袍發(fā)生了一些變化。袖口(cuffs)變窄，袍身變短。這些變化使女性美得以充分展現(xiàn)。 如今，旗袍經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在世界級的時裝秀上。中國女性出席重要社交聚會時，旗袍往往是她們的首選。很多中國新娘也會選擇旗袍作為結(jié)婚禮服。一些有影響的人士甚至建議將旗袍作為中國女性的民族服 飾。

　　參考譯文：

　　Qipao, an exquisite Chinese clothing, originates from China's Manchu Nationality. In the Qing Dynasty, it was a loose robe for the royal women. In the 1920s, influenced by Western clothing, it went through many changes. For example, the cuffs went narrower, and the dress got shorter. These changes enabled Qipao to fully elaborate women' s beauty. Nowadays, Qipao quite often appears on world-class fashion shows. It is usually the first choice for Chinese women as they attend social parties. Meanwhile, many Chinese brides will select it as their wedding dress. Some influential personalities even suggest making it as the national costume for Chinese women.

　　社會熱點

　　常見篇章結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　XX現(xiàn)象是指…，它在中國很常見，是因為 …�！�指出，到…年，…的數(shù)宇將達到...。

　　萬能模板：

　　__________phenomenon refers to the __________ , which is very common in China, because ___________. __________pointed out that by___________,the number of __________will reach_________.

　　比如：中國政府的獨生子女政策是在1978 年才實施的。 The Chinese Government’s One Child Policy was put into effect only in 1978.

　　代表考題：

　　1、 中國城市化(2015.6六級)

　　2011年是中國城市化(urbanization)進程中的歷史性時刻，其城市人口首次超過農(nóng)村人口。在未來20年里，預(yù)計約有3.5億農(nóng)村人口將移居到城市。如此規(guī)模的城市發(fā)展對城市交通來說既是挑戰(zhàn)，也是機遇。中國政府一直提倡“以人為本”的發(fā)展理 念，強調(diào)人們以公交而不是私家車出行。 它還號召建設(shè)"資源節(jié)久和環(huán)境友好型" 社會。有了這個明確的目標，中國城市就可以更好地規(guī)劃其發(fā)展，并把大量投資轉(zhuǎn)向安全、清潔和經(jīng)濟型交通系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展 上。

　　參考譯文：

　　The year of 2011, in which the urban population excesses rural population for the first time, is the historical year in the process of China' s urbanization. It’s predicted that there will be about 350million rural population migrating to the urban areas in the next 20 years. Such a large scale of migration to the city is both an opportunity and a challenge to the urban transportation. The Chinese government always claims the idea of people-oriented development, and emphasizes the priority of public vehicles over private cars. It also appeals to build a society which is resources conserved and environmental friendly. With this specific goal, the Chinese can make better plan of its urbanization and convert large amount of its investment to the development of safe, clear and economical transport system.

　　2、 空巢老人

　　目前，我國半數(shù)家庭中有空巢老人。大中城市中，空巢家庭占比高達70%。空巢老人一般是指子女長大離家后的中老年人。 全國老齡委預(yù)測，從2015到2035年，我國將進入急速老齡化階段，老年人口將從 2.12億增加到4.18億，占比升至29%。從 舊時的四世同堂到如今的核心家庭，中國社會的家庭模式經(jīng)歷了巨大變遷。每當假期結(jié)束，子女又要離家時，空巢老人會感到很難過，感到萬分孤獨，甚至出現(xiàn)分離焦慮。這是空巢老人特有的節(jié)后綜合征。

　　參考譯文：

　　Now about half of the country's households have empty-nesters, and the figure is about 70% in large and medium-sized cities. Empty nesters are generally means parents whose children have grown up and left home, and also can call "left behind" seniors. According to China Aging Problem National Commission, from 2015 to 2035, our country will become rapidly aging, elderly population will add up from 212 million to 418 million up to 29%. From four generations living under one roof to nowadays nuclear family with just the young couple and a kid. The family model of Chinese society has undergone great changes. When the holiday is over and the children are ready to leave home, the empty-nesters will have a hard time and feel they are in solitude and isolation, and even appeared the separation anxiety. This is the peculiar post-holiday blues of the-empty nesters.

　　經(jīng)濟類

　　常見篇章結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　伴隨著……的發(fā)展，中國的經(jīng)濟形勢… …。以……為例，……的發(fā)展是以……為代價的。

　　萬能模板：

　　Along with the development of ___________, China’s economic situation___________. Taking__________as an example,the development of ___________is at the expense of__________.

　　代表考題：

　　1、 中國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展(2014.12六級)

　　中國自20世紀70年代實行改革開放政策以來，經(jīng)濟一直以驚人的速度發(fā)展。糧食、肉類、鋼等工農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量一直在顯著增長;原子能(atomic energy)、計算機技術(shù)、航空航天(aviation and aerospace) 技術(shù)等方面也已經(jīng)達到世界先進水平。預(yù)計到21世紀中葉，中國將基本實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，達到中等發(fā)達國家的水平。目前，中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平的地區(qū)差異較大，東部沿海地區(qū)比較發(fā)達，而西部地區(qū)相對不那么發(fā)達。中國正在進行西部大開發(fā)(Western Development Strategy),以縮小各地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展差異。

　　參考譯文：

　　Since China implemented the reform and opening-up policy in the 1970s, its economy has kept developing at a remarkably high speed. The output of the industrial and agricultural products, such as grain, meat and steel etc, has been growing markedly. And the technologies of atomic energy, computer, aviation and aerospace have reached the world advanced level. It is predicted that China will basically realize modernization and reach the level of the medium-developed countries by the middle of the 21st century. Currently, China’s economic level varies widely among regions. The areas along the east coast in China are fairly developed, while those in the west are comparatively underdeveloped. Due to this, China is carrying out the Western Development Strategy so as to narrow down the economic gaps between different regions.

　　2、 中國制造(2015.12六級)

　　最近，中國政府決定將其工業(yè)升級，中國現(xiàn)在涉足建造高速列車、遠洋船舶、機器人，甚至飛機。不久前，中國獲得了在印度尼西亞(Indonesia)建造一條高鐵的合 同;中國還與馬來西亞(Malaysia)簽署了為其提供高速列車的合同。這證明人們信賴中國造產(chǎn)品。

　　中國造產(chǎn)品越來越受歡迎。中國為此付出了代價，但這確實有助于消除貧困，同時還為世界各地的人們提供了就業(yè)機會。這是一件好事，值得稱贊。下次你去商店時，可能想看一看你所購商品的出產(chǎn)國名。很有可能這件商品是中國造的。

　　參考譯文：

　　Recently, the Chinese government has decided to upgrade its industry. Now it is involved in constructing high-speed train, ocean ship, robot, even planes. Not long ago, China got the contract of building a high-speed train in Indonesia. At the same time, China also got the contract of providing high-speed trains with Malaysia. It proves that people believe in the products made in China. Chinese-made goods has become more and more popular. China has paid a price for this, but it not only helps to eliminate poverty, but also provides job opportunities to people around the world. It is a good thing that is worthy of praise. When you go to the store next time, you may want to know where the product you bought is produced. It is very likely that it is made in China.

　　文化書籍

　　常見篇章結(jié)構(gòu):

　　《XX》是……時期由……編寫。本書一共 包括……，主要講述了……。它體現(xiàn)了… …，是一部……文學(xué)巨著。

　　萬能模板：

　　"___________" is written in the___________ period by___________.The book includes a total of ____________, mainly about the ___________.It reflects the ____________, ___________ is a literary masterpiece.

　　比如：《紅樓夢》寫于18世紀，是中國著名的古典小說。 Written in the 18th century, A Dream of Red Mansions is a famous classical novel.

　　模擬考題：

　　1、《紅樓夢》

　　《紅樓夢》(A Dream of Red Mansions)是曹雪芹在18世紀中期的作品。它不僅是一部中國小說的巨作，同時也是世界文學(xué)的瑰寶。曹雪芹出生于一個由極富沒落到極貧的貴族權(quán)勢家族�；�于他對生活的理解、進步的思想、認真的寫作態(tài)度和高超的寫作技能，他才能創(chuàng)作出《紅樓夢》。 這本書描述了一個封建大家庭的生活及其沒落，小說中所寫的家庭既是現(xiàn)實的反映，又是曹雪芹自己家庭的小說化或者"夢"般的寫照。

　　參考譯文：

　　A Dream of Red Mansions was written by Cao Xueqin in the middle of the 18th century. It is not only a great Chinese novel but also a gem of world literature. Cao Xueqin was born into a noble and powerful family which declined from extreme prosperity to poverty. Based on his own understanding of life, his progressive ideas, serious writing attitude and excellent writing skill, he was able to create A Dream of Red Mansions. The book describes the life and declining fortunes of a large feudal family, which is both a realistic flection and a fictional or "dream" version of Cao's own family.

　　2、 四書五經(jīng)

　　四書五經(jīng)是中國儒家的經(jīng)典書籍，是儒家思想的核心載體，體現(xiàn)了儒家思想的核心價值和 想體系。

　　①四書包括《大 學(xué)》、《中庸》、《論語》、《孟子》。 明清時期，四書成為科舉考試的核心科 目。

　�、谖褰�(jīng)是儒家作為研究基礎(chǔ)的五本古代經(jīng)典書籍的合稱，包括《詩》、《書》、《禮》、《易》 和《春秋》。

　　③西漢時期，儒被國教化，五經(jīng)也因此變得更加重要，明清時期被用作科舉考試的教科書。四書五經(jīng)是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成部分，更是中國歷史文化古籍中的寶典。它在世界文化史、思想史上也具有極高的地位。

　　參考譯文：

　　The Four Books and the Five Classics are the classic books and the main carriers of Confucianism, illustrating the core value and ideological systems of Confucianism. The Four Books include The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius, and Mencius. They were, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, made the core of the official curriculum for the imperial civil examinations. The Five Classics is a collective name given to five ancient classics which were used by Confucianism as its basis of study, namely The Book of Songs, The Book of History, The Book of Rites, The Book of Changes, and The Spring and Autumn Annals. During the Western Han Dynasty, Confucianism was adopted as the state ideology, making the Five Classics even more important. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Five Classics were used as textbooks for the imperial civil examinations. The Four Books and the Five Classics are not only an integral part of traditional Chinese culture but also treasured books of Chinese historical and cultural classics. They also rank very high in the cultural and intellectual history of the world.

　　傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日

　　常見篇章結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　XX節(jié)日是中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，在農(nóng)歷…月… 天，有…年的歷史。在這一天，人們會… …，也會…。

　　萬能模板：

　　_________Festival is China's traditional festivals, in the lunar___________month __________days, there are_________years of history. On this day, people will__________ , will___________.

　　比如：元宵節(jié)是在陰歷的正月十五，猜燈 謎是節(jié)日的重要部分。 The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the 1st Lunar month.Guessing lantern riddles is an essential part of the festival.

　　代表考題：

　　1、中秋節(jié)(2013.12六級)

　　中國人自古以來就在中秋時節(jié)慶祝豐收，這與北美地區(qū)慶祝感恩節(jié)的習(xí)俗十分相似，過中秋節(jié)的習(xí)俗與唐代早期在中國各地開始流行，中秋節(jié)在農(nóng)歷八月十五，是人們拜月的節(jié)曰，這天夜晚皓月當空，人們合家團聚，共賞明月。2006年，中秋節(jié)被列為中國的文化遺產(chǎn)，2008年又被定為公共假日，月餅被視為中秋節(jié)不可或缺的美食，人們將月餅作為禮物饋贈親友或在家庭聚會上享用。傳統(tǒng)的月餅上帶有 "壽"(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字樣。

　　參考譯文：

　　Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America. The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty. The lunar August 15 is a day for people worshiping the moon. On this day, under the dazzling bright moon, families reunite and enjoy the moon' s beauty. In 2006, Mid-Autumn festival was listed as one of China's cultural heritage, and in 2008, it was classified as a public holiday. Moon cakes, as indispensable delicious food of the festival, were gifts people sent to families and friends during the festival and usually eaten on family gatherings. There are characters of “l(fā)ongevity”,“agood fortune” and “har- mony" on the Traditional moon cakes.

　　2、元宵節(jié)

　　每年農(nóng)歷的正月十五是元宵節(jié)。早在兩千多年前的西漢時期(the Western Han Dynasty), 元宵節(jié)就已經(jīng)成為一 個具有重要意義的節(jié)日。在這天，人們制作各種漂亮的燈籠、設(shè)計有趣的燈謎;同時多種表演，如 舞龍燈、舞獅子、踩高蹺(walking on stilts)等也會上演。和其他中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)曰 —樣，元宵節(jié)也有特定的食品，叫“湯圓 (glue pudding) ”。漢語中，湯圓和“團圓”發(fā)音相似，代表著家庭團圓、和諧和快樂。

　　參考譯文：

　　The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month. As early as more than 2,000 years ago, in the Western Han Dynasty, it had become a festival with great significance. On the Lantern Festival, Chinese people craft many types of beautiful lanterns and create many interesting lantern riddles. At the same time, performances such as dragon lantern dance, lion dance and walking on stilts will be staged. Just like China’s other traditional festivals, the Lantern Festival also has its own special dish— “Tangyuan, a glue pudding”.Tangyuan has a similar pronunciation with 'tuanyuan (reunion)" in Chinese, representing reunion, harmony and happiness for the family.

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