關(guān)于全國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)考試聽(tīng)力試題調(diào)整的說(shuō)明

　　一. 改動(dòng)在哪里?

　　四級(jí)

　　1. 取消短對(duì)話(huà)

　　2. 取消短文聽(tīng)寫(xiě)

　　3. 新增短篇新聞(3段)

　　其余測(cè)試內(nèi)容不變。調(diào)整后四級(jí)聽(tīng)力部分的試題結(jié)構(gòu)見(jiàn)下表：

　　六級(jí)

　　1. 取消短對(duì)話(huà)

　　2. 取消短文聽(tīng)寫(xiě)

　　3. 聽(tīng)力篇章調(diào)整為2篇(原3篇)

　　4. 新增講座/講話(huà)(3篇)

　　其他測(cè)試內(nèi)容不變。調(diào)整后六級(jí)聽(tīng)力部分的試題結(jié)構(gòu)見(jiàn)下表：

　　二. 四級(jí)的“短篇新聞聽(tīng)力”和六級(jí)的“講座/講話(huà)聽(tīng)力”是什么?

　　四級(jí)“短篇新聞聽(tīng)力”：

　　選取短篇幅新聞稿件，作為聽(tīng)力素材，基于該段新聞的內(nèi)容，設(shè)置單選題，共三段新聞，七道題。

　　從官方提供的樣題中可見(jiàn)其特點(diǎn)：

　　新四級(jí)樣題新聞聽(tīng)力第一段：

　　樣題題干：

　　Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.

　　1. A) Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels.

　　B) An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.

　　C) The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala.

　　D) Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda’s capital.

　　2. A) On Christmas Eve. C) During a security check.

　　B) Just before midnight. D) In the small hours of the morning.

　　【題型解讀】

　　題干部分仍舊僅提供選項(xiàng)，從選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容上看，句子整體的難度無(wú)論是在用詞上還是句子結(jié)構(gòu)上，與四級(jí)聽(tīng)力選項(xiàng)一貫的難度是一致的，但是選項(xiàng)中大量出現(xiàn)考生較為陌生的專(zhuān)有名詞，如地名“Somali”，“Kampala”，“Nairobi”等，這些詞不僅形態(tài)陌生，而且讀音往往也不好辨認(rèn)，對(duì)考生來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，并且可以想象，作為新聞稿件，頻繁出現(xiàn)專(zhuān)業(yè)名詞、專(zhuān)業(yè)說(shuō)法將成為常規(guī)現(xiàn)象，各位考生務(wù)必做好準(zhǔn)備，第一學(xué)會(huì)將這些專(zhuān)業(yè)名詞符號(hào)化，第二進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)自己對(duì)語(yǔ)音音節(jié)構(gòu)成的認(rèn)知，正確不讓這些專(zhuān)業(yè)名詞在聽(tīng)力過(guò)程中干擾自己。

　　樣題原文：

　　1.Kenyan police say one person was killed and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi. The blast hit a bus about to set off for the Ugandan capital Kampala. Last July, the Somali group al-Shabab said it was behind the blasts in the Ugandan capital which killed more than 70 people. Will Ross reports from the Kenyan capital.

　　The explosion happened beside a bus which was about to set off for an overnight journey from Nairobi to the Ugandan capital Kampala. Some eyewitnesses report that a bag was about to be loaded on board, 2.but it exploded during a security check. Windows of the red bus were left smashed, and blood could be seen on the ground beside the vehicle. Just hours earlier, Uganda’s police chief had warned of possible Christmas-time attacks by Somali rebels.

　　1. What is the news report mainly about?B

　　2. When did the incident occur? C

　　【題型解讀】

　　樣題中三篇短篇新聞聽(tīng)力全部來(lái)自BBC，字?jǐn)?shù)最少的一篇為130詞左右，最長(zhǎng)的一篇為190詞左右，特點(diǎn)是1.長(zhǎng)難句較多，2.大量出現(xiàn)專(zhuān)業(yè)名詞或?qū)�業(yè)性的敘述。

　　由于新聞的內(nèi)容偏專(zhuān)業(yè)性，離日常生活比較遠(yuǎn)，聽(tīng)力難度較之前的短對(duì)話(huà)無(wú)疑是大大增加的，但在這種情況下，選項(xiàng)所涉及的內(nèi)容和新聞原文的內(nèi)容一定是高度一致的，能夠最大程度地提供預(yù)判素材，所以閱讀選項(xiàng)變得更為重要，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)對(duì)新聞內(nèi)容作出大致預(yù)判成為聽(tīng)力過(guò)程順暢與否的關(guān)鍵。

　　由于新聞稿件有其特殊的行文方式和行文風(fēng)格，所以考生需要重視日常的新聞素材聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練，第一在文體上，熟悉新聞稿件的形式，第二在聽(tīng)力感受上，熟悉新聞稿件的聽(tīng)力特點(diǎn)，縱觀(guān)歷年歷次四級(jí)考試改革，此次聽(tīng)力題型改動(dòng)無(wú)疑將四級(jí)聽(tīng)力對(duì)考生的要求推向了“聽(tīng)力能力考查”的巔峰，應(yīng)試技巧被削弱。

　　六級(jí)的“講座/講話(huà)聽(tīng)力：

　　選取講座或演講的錄音作為聽(tīng)力素材，基于內(nèi)容設(shè)置單選題，一共三篇講座或演講，共10題。從官方提供的樣題中可見(jiàn)其特點(diǎn)：

　　新六級(jí)樣題講座/講話(huà)聽(tīng)力第三段：

　　樣題題干：

　　Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.

　　23. A) The guaranteed quality of its goods.

　　B) The huge volume of its annual sales.

　　C) The service it provides to its customers.

　　D) The high value-to-weight ratio of its goods.

　　24. A) Those having a taste or smell component.

　　B) Products potentially embarrassing to buy.

　　C) Those that require very careful handling.

　　D) Services involving a personal element.

　　25. A) Those who live in the virtual world.

　　B) Those who have to work long hours.

　　C) Those who are used to online transactions.

　　D) Those who don’t mind paying a little more.

　　【題型解讀】

　　選項(xiàng)難度和六級(jí)聽(tīng)力選項(xiàng)一貫難度保持一致，結(jié)合樣題中的三篇演講題的選項(xiàng)，由長(zhǎng)句子構(gòu)成的選項(xiàng)明顯變得更多，對(duì)考生預(yù)習(xí)選項(xiàng)的能力有了更高的要求，此為難點(diǎn)一;由于講座、演講的內(nèi)容總是和某一專(zhuān)業(yè)性主題相關(guān)，所以在內(nèi)容上容易出現(xiàn)專(zhuān)業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的表述，如樣題中23題的D選項(xiàng)“The high value-to-weight ratio of its goods.”，在閱讀選項(xiàng)的時(shí)候，這些選項(xiàng)會(huì)造成不小障礙，此為難點(diǎn)二。

　　樣題原文：

　　Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.

　　I’d like to look at a vital aspect of e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or service. There are certain products and services that are very suitable for selling online, and others that simply don’t work.

　　23.Suitable products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio. Items such as CDs and DVDs are obvious examples. Books, although heavier and so more expensive to post, 23.still have a high enough value-to-weight ratio, as the success of Amazon, which started off selling only books, shows. Laptop computers are another good product for selling online.

　　Digital products, such as software, films and music, can be sold in a purely virtual environment. The goods are paid for by online transactions, and then downloaded onto the buyer’s computer. There are no postage or delivery costs, so prices can be kept low.

　　Many successful virtual companies provide digital services, such as financial transactions, in the case of Paypal, or means of communication, as Skype does. The key to success here is providing an easy-to-use, reliable service. Do this and you can easily become the market leader, as Skype has proved.

　　Products which are potentially embarrassing to buy also do well in the virtual environment. Some of the most profitable e-commerce companies are those selling sex-related products or services. For a similar reason, online gambling is highly popular.

　　24. Products which are usually considered unsuitable for selling online include those that have a taste or smell component. Food, especially fresh food, falls into this category, along with perfume. Clothes and other items that need to be tried on such as diamond rings and gold necklaces are generally not suited to virtual retailing, and, of course, items with a low value-to-weight ratio.

　　There are exceptions, though. Online grocery shopping has really taken off, with most major supermarkets offering the service. The inconvenience of not being able to see the food you are buying is outweighed by the time saved and convenience of having the goods delivered. 25.Typical users of online supermarkets include the elderly, people who work long hours and those without their own transport.

　　23 What is important to the success of an online store?D

　　24. What products are unsuitable for selling online?A

　　25. Who are more likely to buy groceries online? B

　　【題型解讀】

　　新六級(jí)的講座/講話(huà)聽(tīng)力素材來(lái)源比較復(fù)雜，樣題中第一篇來(lái)自托福原題，第二篇來(lái)自VOA，最長(zhǎng)的一篇原文字?jǐn)?shù)達(dá)到了450詞。

　　講座/講話(huà)聽(tīng)力題型的內(nèi)容往往會(huì)比較專(zhuān)業(yè)，但是在形式上，由于是演講內(nèi)容，很多時(shí)候更偏向于口語(yǔ)表達(dá)。這類(lèi)題型同樣有著特定的行文方式和風(fēng)格，考生需要靠日常多積累，多練習(xí)，方能輕松應(yīng)對(duì)。

　　最后這類(lèi)題型值得關(guān)注的，也是最重要的一點(diǎn)，樣題中幾乎所有題目的正確答案都在原文中完整被呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)，也就是俗稱(chēng)的“聽(tīng)到什么選什么”，和被取消的考查邏輯思維的短對(duì)話(huà)相比，從某種程度上說(shuō)，對(duì)考生來(lái)說(shuō)反而是好事。

　　三. 總結(jié)和建議

　　新四六級(jí)的聽(tīng)力直接地體現(xiàn)出一個(gè)信號(hào)：進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)考生的語(yǔ)言能力。考生需要加強(qiáng)平時(shí)對(duì)英語(yǔ)新聞、英文講座素材的練習(xí)和積累，徹底地加強(qiáng)自己的英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)說(shuō)能力，才能不慌不忙地應(yīng)對(duì)新題型。

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