大學英語四級考試寫作高分突破專項訓練(二)

　　第二節(jié)提綱

　　作文提綱作文是要求考生根據(jù)所給出的作文題目和提綱(一般為中文提綱)進行寫作。中文提綱大多是以三個單句的形式出現(xiàn)的。寫提綱作文，首先要做的就是審題，并要仔細分析題目中所列舉的提綱。審完題后應(yīng)該根據(jù)提綱擬出三個英文的主題句，再在這些主題句的基礎(chǔ)上擴展成文。在擴展的過程中一定要做到條理清楚，開門見山。 [例1]Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Good Health according the following outline. Your composition is less than 120 words.Remember that the contents of the outline should all be included in your composition.Outline:1�苯】档闹匾�性2�北３纸】档姆椒�3�蔽业淖龇� [范文] Good HealthGood health is very important to everyone. With it, we can study hard, we can serve our country, we can do everything as we like. Without good health, everybody knows that we will fail to do things. We can’t work efficiently, we may stay in hospital, we�餷l become a burden of our family.In my opinion, there are two ways for us to keep fit. First, we must eat a balanced diet. That is to say, we must eat not only eggs, fish and meat, but also some vegetables and fruit everyday. Besides eating properly, drinking clean water is also important. Never get addicted to drinking the soft drink.Second, exercising is a vital part of our daily life. We can do some running in the morning and play football in the afternoon.As a university student, I pay much attention to physical exercises. I do some swimming in summer and some skating in winter. I often play badminton and tennis. I am also careful with my diet. In a way, keeping healthy is not very hard if you just take it seriously.文章開門見山就點出了主題：Good health is very important to everyone。然后作者很巧妙地用了with 和without這兩個介詞從正反兩個方面舉出了具體的事例來支持自己的觀點。另外，with和without這兩個詞常用于議論文中，用“正證法”和“反證法”來對各論點或觀點進行論述。第二段的開頭句緊扣提綱，概括地提出保持健康有兩種方法，并且通過first, second這樣的指示詞,使所列舉的事實條理化。最后一段告訴讀者自己的做法，也緊扣了提綱。[例2]Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Competition. Your composition should be less than 120 words. Remember that the contents of the outline should all be included in your composition.Outline:1�盩he importance of competition2�盩he function of competition3�盡y own practices [范文] CompetitionCompetition makes people active and creative. It is very necessary to compete if human society wants to advance. Without it, we would become lazy and nobody would take any responsibility.“Three monks,there will be no drinking water.”This Chinese proverb vividly describes why China�餾 productivity was so low before Mr. Deng came into power. At that time, we had the so�瞔alled planned economy. There was no competition at all. So farmers didn�餿 work hard. Workers didn�餿 work hard. China was on the edge of collapse.Competition can stimulate people to try their best to do things. For example, in 100�瞞eter race, each sportsman runs as quickly as possible, trying to win the champion, the same things happen in our society and in our daily life. If a company wants to surpass, it must compete with them. It must raise its efficiency. All the companies doing this will no doubt benefit the whole society and the whole human beings.Being a student, I must compete with other students in our studies. I must study hard in all the fields so that I can be a useful man when I enter the society after graduation.文章一開頭就提出了競爭的重要性。接下來，作者用了兩個事例更進一步說明了主題。最后談到了自己的做法。[例3]Directions:For this Part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Losing and Gaining weight according to the following.Your composition should be less than 120 words.Remember that the contents of the outline should all be included in your composition.Outline:The comparison of one’s body to a car: the similarities and differences of one’s body and one’s car.1�盩he ways for gaining weight and losing weight.2�盡y own practices. [范文] Losing and Gaining weightThe process of gaining or losing weight can be explained by comparing your car. First, your car can’t run if there is no petrol or diesel oil. Because it needs energy. The same thing happens to your body. Your body also needs energy, the food you eat can be converted into energy,with which you can run, you can talk, you can do everything. Second, if you eat too much you will gain weight. We know a car with too heavy load can�餿 run quickly and safely. Maybe it will break down. For the same reason, if you are too fat, it is also very inconvenient and dangerous. You might get heart disease,diabetes, and hypertension and so on. If such things happen, doctor would ask you to lose weight.You eat too much and you don�餿 take exercise, you�餷l gain weight. So if you want to lose weight you have to do the opposite. You will be on a diet. You will go out and do some exercises, such as, running, swimming, and playing football,etc. Soon, you�餷l be back in good condition and good shape again. As far as I am concerned, I get up and go to bed early, do plenty of exercises everyday, and pay special attention to the food I eat as well. I don�餿 eat too much meat. Instead, my diet consists of vegetables, fruits, eggs, fish, and beans. By doing this I can keep fit.

　　作者在這篇文章中先用比較對比法比較了人與車之間的相似之處：車需要汽油，人需要食物;車載的重物過多跑不快，人長得太胖既行動不便也存有隱患，因而過于肥胖 的人就需要減肥。第一段的最后一句話起了承上啟下的作用。接下來作者談了如何減肥，最后很自然地過渡到作者自己的做法。

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