名師：英語四六級考試寫作題型分析及范文

　　根據(jù)教育部頒布的大學英語教學大綱的要求，大學英語四級考試的命題形式有以下幾種：首尾句作文、提綱作文、圖表作文、命題作文、書信體作文等。

　　第一節(jié)首尾句作文

　　首尾句作文是根據(jù)段首(尾)句續(xù)寫短文。段首句作文也稱主題句作文，因為作文題中所給的段首句往往是段落主題句。其特點是以題目為中心，一般情況下將文章分為三個段落，每段首句即為該段的主題句(topic sentences)�？忌�要按主題句的要求組織材料，提出論據(jù)，用一些輔助句(supporting sentences)來支持或說明主題句，寫英文段首句作文要注意：所寫的內容要緊扣主題，輔助句應圍繞段首句續(xù)寫。保證段內每個句子的內容與段首句緊密展開各個段落，如：例證、因果、定義、比較對比、程序等。要注意句與句之間，特別是段首句與輔助句之間的自然銜接。另外，所給的段首句有時是一個完整的句子，有時不是一個完整的句子，只是句子的一部分，這就要求考生一定要審好題。找出其中表示中心思想的關鍵詞，圍繞這些關鍵詞去擴展、描述或說明。

　　[例1]Directions :For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Women in the Modern World in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence of each paragraph and are required to develop the idea in completing the paragraph; your part of the composition should be about 100 words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly.

　　[范文]

　　Women in the Modern World

　　Women are playing an increasingly important role in society. Successful women who are government officials,writers, scientists,doctors and teachers can be found everywhere. It is true that many jobs that once were dominated by men can be done well by women.

　　With the changes in their social role,women�餾 position in the family has been improved as well.The husband is no longer the only bread maker in the family and the wife no longer lives on others.They share comforts and hardships with each other.

　　In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. Women still face many difficulties and obstacles due to traditional roles and limited economic strength.Women still have a long way to go in their struggle for complete equality with men.

　　第一段首句是講婦女在社會上的作用，因而續(xù)寫的內容緊緊圍繞婦女的社會作用，比如，婦女可以是政府機關的工作人員、科學家、教師等;第二句的段首句是關于婦女在家庭中的地位也提高了，續(xù)寫的內容也是有關夫妻患難與共;第三句的段首句是講婦女解放仍然任重而道遠，續(xù)寫的部分提出了婦女所面臨的問題，整個續(xù)寫的部分緊扣段首句。

　　[例2]Directions :Write a composition about What Would Happen If There Were No power in three paragraphs, you are given the first sentence or part of the first sentence of each paragraph:

　　1�盓ver since early this century,electricity has become an essential part of our modern life.

　　2�盜f there were no electric power,...

　　3�盩herefore,...

　　[范文]

　　What Would Happen If There Were No Power

　　Ever since early this century, electricity has become an essential part of our modern life. It has played a decisive role in the modern world. Everybody admits that development of our civilization depends on electricity.

　　If there were no electricity power, our modern world would be in trouble. For instance, all the wheel would stop because without the power the machine would cease working. And all the electrical equipment life would be impossible and in a great mass without electricity.

　　Therefore, we should make better use of elective power. On the other hand, we should educate people to economize on electricity and not to waste energy resources. At the same time we must do our best to exploit more electric resources to meet the requirements of human beings.

　　第一段的段首句是講電已經(jīng)成為人們現(xiàn)代生活中必不可少的部分，因而接下來的續(xù)寫部分應強調它的重要性。第二段的段首句提出如果沒有電的假設，下面列出沒有電將會出現(xiàn)的麻煩。最后一段指出我們應該節(jié)約用電，開拓更多的電力資源。

　　第二節(jié)提綱作文

　　提綱作文是要求考生根據(jù)所給出的作文題目和提綱(一般為中文提綱)進行寫作。中文提綱大多是以三個單句的形式出現(xiàn)的。寫提綱作文，首先要做的就是審題，并要仔細分析題目中所列舉的提綱。審完題后應該根據(jù)提綱擬出三個英文的主題句，再在這些主題句的基礎上擴展成文。在擴展的過程中一定要做到條理清楚，開門見山。

　　[例1]Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Good Health according the following outline. Your composition is less than 120 words.Remember that the contents of the outline should all be included in your composition.

　　Outline:

　　1�苯】档闹匾�性

　　2�北３纸】档姆椒�

　　3�蔽业淖龇�

　　[范文]

　　Good Health

　　Good health is very important to everyone. With it, we can study hard, we can serve our country, we can do everything as we like. Without good health, everybody knows that we will fail to do things. We can’t work efficiently, we may stay in hospital, we�餷l become a burden of our family.

　　In my opinion, there are two ways for us to keep fit. First, we must eat a balanced diet. That is to say, we must eat not only eggs, fish and meat, but also some vegetables and fruit everyday. Besides eating properly, drinking clean water is also important. Never get addicted to drinking the soft drink.Second, exercising is a vital part of our daily life. We can do some running in the morning and play football in the afternoon.

　　As a university student, I pay much attention to physical exercises. I do some swimming in summer and some skating in winter. I often play badminton and tennis. I am also careful with my diet. In a way, keeping healthy is not very hard if you just take it seriously.

　　文章開門見山就點出了主題：Good health is very important to everyone。然后作者很巧妙地用了with 和without這兩個介詞從正反兩個方面舉出了具體的事例來支持自己的觀點。另外，with和without這兩個詞常用于議論文中，用“正證法”和“反證法”來對各論點或觀點進行論述。第二段的開頭句緊扣提綱，概括地提出保持健康有兩種方法，并且通過first, second這樣的指示詞,使所列舉的事實條理化。最后一段告訴讀者自己的做法，也緊扣了提綱。