2009年6月英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)閱讀理解通用高分技能

　　有時(shí)，作者用同位語(yǔ)形式或連詞or給出定義，例：

　　Nerve cells evidently first appeared in coelenterates, “hollow?gutted” organisms like hydra and the sea anemone.

　　Intelligent behavior remained impossible until the appearance of relatively big，complex types of brain——the types we find among the vertebrates，or backboned animals.

　�、诮�義復(fù)述同一短文中上下毗鄰的句子通常有互釋作用，我們可以從上下文的復(fù)述中獲取與某一單詞相關(guān)的信息來(lái)猜度詞義。例：

　　Mr. and Mrs. Firth had a long courtship. They dated for nine years before they got married.

　　Although he often had the opportunity，Mr. Tritt never stole money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank，and he did not want to jeopardize his future.

　�、鄯戳x對(duì)照在表示對(duì)照的上下文中，常包含有意義相反的詞語(yǔ)或概念，這些意義相反的概念可以互為線索，幫助我們猜度詞義。常有以下一些信號(hào)詞：although，but，however，though，whereas，while，yet，on the contrary，on the other hand等。

　　例：Chimpanzees(猩猩) in the wild use simple objects as tools，but in laboratory situations they can use more sophisticated items.

　　Most dentists-offices are drab places，while Emilio’s new office is a bright，cheerful place.

　�、艽钆浼�合利用詞與詞的搭配或該詞所出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)境，我們也能推知詞義的大概輪廓。例：

　　People gathered to look. Three fine streams of hot water sprouted from holes in the jacket(套，殼) of the radiator.

　　A man is watering his lawn just as an attractive，well dressed girl walked by. As he ogles her，he accidentally turns the hose on his ugly，dowdy wife.

　�、荼容^舉例上下文中的比較和舉例，能揭示比較物或列舉物之間的共性，我們可根據(jù)這些共性來(lái)推知有關(guān)詞語(yǔ)的意思。例：

　　The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area.

　　Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.

　�、抟蚬麜r(shí)間因與果、時(shí)間的先與后都是事物發(fā)展變化過(guò)程中的必然關(guān)系，在利用上下文推測(cè)詞義時(shí)，這些關(guān)系也至關(guān)重要。例：

　　Robert is considered peremptory administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.

　　When Mark was in pedantic mood，he assumed the manner of a famous professor and gave long lectures on boring, insignificant topics.

　　⑦常識(shí)包括我們的生活經(jīng)歷、經(jīng)驗(yàn)常識(shí)以及自己專(zhuān)業(yè)方面的知識(shí)，在閱讀到與自己專(zhuān)業(yè)相近的文章時(shí)，我們都會(huì)感到相對(duì)容易，這正是我們的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)在幫我們理解。例：

　　An apple falls down instead of up because of gravity.

　　An atomic clock is so precise that it can be used to check the accuracy of predictions based on Einstein’s relativity theories.