新東方名師：四級精細閱讀三步驟解題技巧

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 6 to 10are based on the following passage.

　　Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher 6was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.

　　The researcher organized an experimental tournament (錦標賽) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.

　　Observers noted down the referees’ errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number7.

　　The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyze the matches in detail. Surprisingly,8 he found that 1errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows2 the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.

　　There also seemed to be3 an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.

　　If FIFA, football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.

　　10He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.

　　6. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ________.

　　A) review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup

　　B) analyze the causes of errors made by football referees

　　C) set a standard for football refereeing

　　D) reexamine the rules for football refereeing(B)

　　7. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was ________.

　　A) slightly above average

　　B) higher than in the 1998 World Cup

　　C) quite unexpected

　　D) as high as in a standard match(C)