大學英語四級考試(CET-4)的第二部分，也就是作文之后的快速閱讀，往往是各位考生普遍比較頭痛的部分�？焖匍喿x的難度最主要表現(xiàn)在文章的篇幅巨大，字數(shù)太多，時間又太短，很難做完�？焖匍喿x的篇幅字數(shù)在以往考試中始終保持在1060--1070詞左右，本篇例文的字數(shù)是1061詞，但如果再加上題干與選項就達到了1452詞，快速閱讀在考試中的時間限制是15分鐘，其中還有1分鐘用來填寫機讀卡，所以真正的時間只有14分鐘，完成一篇1452詞的文章的閱讀并準確做出10道題，對于考生的壓力可想而知。對于快速閱讀的解答，考生需要從兩個途徑共同提升，一是正確的解題方法與技巧，二是懂得取舍的心態(tài)。在本文中，筆者將會圍繞這兩點，以2013年6月四級考試的其中一篇快速閱讀為例，為考生們做出解析與指導。

　　● 正確的解題方法與技巧

　　快速閱讀本質(zhì)上考察的是考生的“文字材料處理”與“信息查找比對”的能力。因此，不需要考生對文章中所有信息事無巨細的完整把握，而是根據(jù)題干中的問題回到文章中進行查找比對，正確答案也往往是對文章信息的直接照抄或輕微改寫。考察的重點是放在查找比對上，而不是深入理解，這也正是應(yīng)和了快速閱讀的題型要求skimming and scanning(略讀與尋讀)。

　　建議考生可以按照“三步走”的思路來進行解題：

　　1. 瀏覽大標題和小標題(了解文章主題結(jié)構(gòu))

　　2. 精讀文章的開頭(準確把握文章的主題)

　　3. 看一題做一題，關(guān)鍵詞定位配合順序原則

　　我們以2013年6月四級考試真題為例，看看長篇閱讀的解題方法具體是什么樣的：本篇例文的大標題是"Can Digital Textbooks Truly Replace the Print Kind?"(電子教科書是否真正可以取代印刷版的教科書呢?)這篇文章出自于TIME《時代周刊》2011年8月29號的科技板塊，作者Chris Gayomali 。

　　本文只有大標題沒有小標題，而且文章段落非常多，達到了驚人的24段。小標題的作用是建構(gòu)文章的邏輯框架，如果有小標題，不光可以用來理解文章還可以用來幫忙定位甚至是解題，本文因為沒有小標題，因此閱讀和定位的難度都會相對加大;文章段落如果只有10段左右的話，按照順序原則，也就是出題順序與文章行文順序基本一致的原則，定位找答案都會比較簡單，而本文段落過多且松散，無形中給定位也增加了難度。好在大標題寫的很完整，運用一些文章的基本邏輯框架就可以基本預(yù)知文章的主題和結(jié)構(gòu)。大標題《電子教科書是否真正可以取代印刷版的教科書呢?》，這種新生事物取代舊事物的文章是四級�？嫉念愋�，文章結(jié)構(gòu)也很套路化，通常會在文章開始首先引述舊事物曾經(jīng)的輝煌，但隨著時間的推移逐漸暴露出了弱點或跟不上時代的發(fā)展，緊接著會羅列舊事物現(xiàn)有的弱點或問題，并給出一個可能的解決方案，要么是對舊事物進行改造，要么是出現(xiàn)一個新事物來替代老事物，并通過新老對比的方式體現(xiàn)新事物的優(yōu)點，最后要么是對新事物目前遇到的困難進行簡單的評述，要么是對新事物的未來做光明的展望。

　　本文非常符合上述的寫作套路。第1、2兩段引述了traditional print edition textbooks傳統(tǒng)印刷版的教科書的缺點作為背景，第3-7段馬上引出本文的主題digital textbooks電子教科書并同時介紹了目前的應(yīng)用情況以及遇到的問題，第8-18段用了大量的篇幅給出了解決的方案，第19-22段引述digital textbooks電子教科書仍然面對的challenge挑戰(zhàn)，最后的23、24兩段對digital textbooks電子教科書進行了未來光明的展望。文章主題明確，結(jié)構(gòu)框架清晰，情節(jié)內(nèi)容符合傳統(tǒng)的套路沒有出新出怪。因此，盡管沒有小標題而且段落很多，但只要考生對考試類文章的基本套路和框架有很好的掌握，可以說這篇文章并不算難懂。

　　當通過標題和文章開頭已經(jīng)對全文主題有了一個基本把握之后，就要毫不猶豫的停止精細閱讀文章，轉(zhuǎn)向題干，開始看一題做一題。首先看懂題目的問法，同時劃出題干中可以用來定位的關(guān)鍵詞，緊接著就回到文章找定位找答案。

　　本文只有第2和第6題相對較難，其余8題都可以根據(jù)定位直接得出答案。

　　1. The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that __________.傳統(tǒng)印刷版本的教科書的最大問題是什么?本題最重要定位信息是biggest problem，文中一定同時交代了多個問題，本題要求找出其中biggest的。文章首段羅列了heavy和expensive兩個problem，但都不是biggest的，2段開始的But提示著重要的出題點，緊接著的the worst part與題干biggest problem直接對應(yīng)，原文But the worst part is that print versions of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions. Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom, essentially rendering older texts unusable.最糟糕的部分是打印版本的教科書經(jīng)常要修訂，很多教授要求他們的學生在上課時只能使用最新一版，這基本上使得老版本是不能用的。對應(yīng)的正確選項是A選項，they are not reused once a new edition comes out. 一旦新版出現(xiàn)老版本就不能用了。

　　3. According to Kalpit Shah, some students still use paper and pencil because __________.KP認為，一些學生任然使用紙張和鉛筆的原因是什么?本題可以用人名KP來定位。答案出自第6段，"They weren't using it as a source of communication because they couldn't read or write in it. So a third of the people in my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the other third were using laptops and the last third were using paper and pencil."他們不用iPad作為溝通的來源，是因為他們不能在iPad上面讀或?qū)憽Ｋ�以，在我的課堂里，有三分之一的用iPad做筆記，三分之一用筆記本電腦，剩下的三分之一用紙和鉛筆。對應(yīng)A選項they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPad，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)用iPad記筆記太麻煩。

　　4. Inkling CEO Matt MacInnis explains that the problem with Course Smart's current digital textbooks is that __________.CEO MM認為CS的問題是什么?定位關(guān)鍵詞可以用CEO MM，定位在第9段，What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digital textbook is it's an exact copy of the print book. There's Course Smart, etc., these guys who take an image of the page and put it on a screen.我的意思是，從目前來看，電子教科書就是印刷版本的復制品，像CS等等的，就是把書籍掃描下來放在屏幕上。對應(yīng)D選項they are no more than print versions put on a screen，他們就僅僅是把印刷版本放在了屏幕上。

　　5. Matt MacInnis describes the updated version of Inkling as __________.MM把升級后的Inkling描述為什么?根據(jù)順序原則，在第4題后找第5題的出處，盡管在題干中出現(xiàn)了大寫專有名詞MM，但因為從第10段起就沒有MM了，所以要耐心細心的尋找MM的替換出現(xiàn)。在第10的開頭就出現(xiàn)了He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the ground up，當一句話的主語換成代詞的情況下，說明這句話的主語與上文一致，上一段第9段出現(xiàn)的正是男人正是MM，因此本句的He就是MM，答案就是這句話對應(yīng)C選項a platform for building multimedia content一個創(chuàng)建多媒體內(nèi)容的平臺。

　　6. The author is most excited about Inkling's notation system because one can __________.作者最興奮于Inkling的標記系統(tǒng)可以怎樣?還是要注意題干中問到的是most excited，注意在文中找對應(yīng)的最高級，定位在第14段，But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation (批注) system. Here's how it works:表面看好像定位很簡單，但14段根本沒有做任何有用的交代，也沒法做題，需要耐心細心的往下看，15段交代了紙質(zhì)書的標記特點與題干的要求不一致，繼續(xù)往下看到16段的最后一句The best comments are then sorted democratically by a voting system, meaning that your social learning experience is shared with the best and brightest thinkers.最好的評論會通過投票制民主的挑選出來，這就意味著你的社會學習經(jīng)驗是可以與最棒最精英的思想家來分享的。對應(yīng)A選項share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkers. 本題難點在于定位與真正答案的出處相隔的非常遠，能否踏實下心來耐心的查找比對，是做對本題的關(guān)鍵所在。

　　7. One additional advantage of the interactive digital textbook is that __________.電子互動教科書的另一個優(yōu)點是什么?定位在17段，As a bonus, professors can even chime in (插話) on discussions. 另外，教授甚至可以在討論中插話。對應(yīng)C選項professors can join in students' online discussions. 教授可以參與到學生的在線討論中。本題難點在于bonus是超綱詞，考生可能因為不認識而不敢定位在這里，但因為從18段開始講到的shortcoming，與題干中的advantage明顯不符，而且17段還出現(xiàn)了中文注釋，中文注釋在文中是非常重要的信息，可以幫助我們看懂文章甚至是做對題，一定要重視�；�于這兩點原因，第7題的答案可以確定是在第17段來找。

　　后3道填空題仍然延用前7題定位、比對的解題思路，通過原文與選項的對比得出答案。

　　8. One of the challenges to build an interactive digital textbook from the ground up is that it takes a great deal of __________.從頭開始創(chuàng)建一個電子互動教科書的其中一個挑戰(zhàn)在于它需要大量的什么?定位在第19段，There are, however, challenges.順序往下接著看，在21段可以看到and you can tell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.原文中takes a respectable amount of對應(yīng)的是題干中的takes a great deal of，答案很清晰，就只有一個詞manpower之后的to put together each one目的不定時做狀語是修飾成分，非主干內(nèi)容，不必抄寫。

　　9. One problem for students to replace traditional textbooks with interactive digital ones is the high __________ of the hardware. 學生用電子互動教科書來替換傳統(tǒng)教科書的其中一個困難在于硬件的高什么?按照順序定位在22段for other students who don't have such a luxury it's an added layer of cost-and an expensive one at that.對于其他沒有這種奢侈品的學生來說，這是一種疊加的昂貴的花費。經(jīng)過原文和選項的比對，答案仍然只有一個詞cost.

　　10. According to the author, whether digital textbooks will catch on still __________.電子教科書是否可以流行開來仍然是什么?按照順序定位在23段Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen 原文中take off 和題干中catch on都有流行的意思直接對應(yīng)，比對原文選項之后，答案仍然可以直接照抄原文不必做任何修改remains to be seen拭目以待。

　　● 懂得取舍的心態(tài)

　　在做快速閱讀的時候，保持能夠懂得取舍的心態(tài)非常重要。

　　一是在看文章的時候懂得取舍，文章的標題要仔細慢慢看，文章的開頭要細細看，都是為了把握文章主題，理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)思路，一旦主題結(jié)構(gòu)明確了必須要放棄精細閱讀，馬上轉(zhuǎn)向題干，根據(jù)題干要求在文章中先找關(guān)鍵詞的定位出處，有了定位再讀定位附近的信息，凡是與題干沒有直接關(guān)系的信息，不必精讀細讀，舍得跳讀，才能爭取到更多的時間來讀真正與題目相關(guān)有用信息，才能有更多的時間來做題。

　　二是在做題中懂得取舍，如果在做題中發(fā)現(xiàn)某一題定位非常困難，根本找不到的話，千萬不要戀戰(zhàn)，千萬不要在文章中漫無目的的反復精讀。一道題定位找不到，馬上跳到下一題，一道題很猶豫選哪個選項，一定把猶豫的兩個選項都寫在題號前，就馬上開始做下一題，等其他題目都做完了，還有時間做就再回文章中找，沒時間做，就一定選一個和文章主題最接近的選項，正確的幾率很大。比如本文的第2題：

　　What does the author say about digital textbooks? 作者認為電子教科書怎樣?這道題可以是一道細節(jié)題直接在文章找到定位就直接出答案，也可以是一道主旨題，需要找作者的觀點和立場。Digital textbooks第一次出現(xiàn)在第3段Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many of these shortcomings. But till now, they've been something like a mirage (幻影) in the distance, more like a hazy (模糊的) dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all your textbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true. 這就是為什么電子教科書可以幫助解決很多缺點的原因。但是，截止到目前為止，它們?nèi)匀皇且粋�遠處的幻影，與其說是現(xiàn)實不如說更像是個模糊的夢。想象一下它的承諾吧，"把所有的教科書都放在一個1.3磅的iPad里"，聽上去好得難以置信。

　　如果僅僅根據(jù)第3段的表述，A和B選項很難取舍，A) It is not likely they will replace traditional textbooks.它們不可能在未來取代傳統(tǒng)教科書，B) They haven't fixed all the shortcomings of print books.它們并沒有解決印刷版教科書的所有缺點。當兩個選項很難取舍，而且作者在下文中也沒有作進一步解釋的話，不妨先把AB兩個選項都寫在第2題的題號前，考生可以試著通過下文的閱讀進一步加深對文章的理解，通過更精確把握作者的觀點和立場來解題。這時，考生一定要舍得跳到下一題，而不要在這一道題上停留太長的時間。

　　當把第10題做完時，還剩下全文的最后一段However, the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction. And at least for now, that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible (可觸摸的), a little less of a dream.但是，解決任何問題都要從朝著這個目標邁進的第一步開始。至少目前來看，這個遠方的海參蜃樓，又朝著現(xiàn)實邁進了一小步�？梢钥闯�，作者對于digital textbooks明顯持一個樂觀支持的態(tài)度，那么，第2題的A選項認為不可能取代傳統(tǒng)教科書明顯是與作者立場相悖，利用排除法，第2題答案選B。

　　在做題中學會取舍，才不會造成因為一兩道題導致大量題目沒時間做的人間悲劇。

　　● 綜述

　　從2006年6月至今，出題人也在不斷探索快速閱讀的難度，到2012年開始就已經(jīng)基本穩(wěn)定了。

　　目前，快速閱讀的文章篇幅很穩(wěn)定，但確實超出了大多數(shù)考生的速度極限，因此，考生在平時練習中不光要練習精讀細讀，同時還要訓練自己泛讀的能力;

　　快速閱讀的難度很穩(wěn)定，前7題中至少有一道題比較難，要么是定位難，要么是選項難，只要考生學會取舍，就可以把這道題的殺傷力降到最低;

　　快速閱讀的解題方法很穩(wěn)定，關(guān)鍵詞定位后比對原文與選項就可以出答案，但題干中的關(guān)鍵詞不一定全都是大寫專有名詞、數(shù)字、時間這種特別好找的有明顯特征的信息，也會用一些類似仔細閱讀的不太好找的關(guān)鍵詞，但好在10道題的普遍都是按照順序在文章中出現(xiàn)，當關(guān)鍵詞不好找的時候，順序原則就是一個很好地輔助定位的方法。

　　快速閱讀更像是一種水到渠成的題型，只要考生在仔細閱讀中有了很好的突破，并穩(wěn)定在一個較高的正確率上，快速閱讀只要通過正確的方法稍加練習就可以突破。相反地，如果考生沒能在仔細閱讀中很好地突破，那快速閱讀的練習也很難見到成效。建議考生在復習的前半段把重心放在仔細閱讀上，突破并穩(wěn)定后再進行快速閱讀的練習。

　　同時，建議考生在平時多進行廣泛的閱讀，類似Time、USA today、Washington post、Guardian等媒體都是很好地泛讀素材。

　　附：2013年6月四級閱讀真題

　　Can Digital Textbooks Truly Replace the Print Kind?

　　The shortcomings of traditional print edition textbooks are obvious: For starters they're heavy, with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds. They're also expensive, especially when you factor in the average college student's limited budget, typically costing hundreds of dollars every semester.

　　But the worst part is that print versions of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions. Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom, essentially rendering older texts unusable. For students, it means they're basically stuck with a four pound paperweight that they can't sell back.

　　Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many of these shortcomings. But till now, they've been something like a mirage (幻影) in the distance, more like a hazy (模糊的) dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all your textbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true.

　　But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition (過渡) over to digital books. Universities like Cornell and Brown have jumped onboard. And one medical program at the University of California, Irvine, gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooks just last year.

　　But not all were eager to jump aboard.

　　"People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading," says Kalpit Shah, who will be going into his second year at Irvine's medical program this fall. "They weren't using it as a source of communication because they couldn't read or write in it. So a third of the people in my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the other third were using laptops and the last third were using paper and pencil."

　　The reason it hasn't caught on yet, he tells me, is that the functionality of e-edition textbooks is incredibly limited, and some students just aren't motivated to learn new study behavior.

　　But a new application called Inkling might change all that. The company just released an updated version last week, and it'll be utilized in over 50 undergraduate and graduate classrooms this coming school year.

　　"Digital textbooks are not going to catch on," says Inkling CEO Matt MacInnis as he's giving me a demo (演示) over coffee. "What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digital textbook is it's an exact copy of the print book. There's Course Smart, etc., these guys who take an image of the page and put it on a screen. If that's how we're defining digital textbooks, there's no hope of that becoming a mainstream product."

　　He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the ground up, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality. The traditional textbook merely serves as a skeleton.

　　At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience. After swiping (觸擊) into the iPad app (應(yīng)用軟件), which you can get for free here, he opens up a few different types of textbooks.

　　Up first is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and he navigates through (瀏覽) a few chapters before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view its various building blocks. "Publishers give us all of the source media, artwork, videos," he says. "We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform."

　　Next he pulls up a music composition textbook, complete with playable demos. It's a learning experience that attacks you from multiple sensory directions. It's clear why this would be something a music major would love.

　　But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation (批注) system. Here's how it works:

　　When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner's highlights and notes in the margins. It uses the experience of someone who already went through the class to help improve your reading (how much you trust each notation is obviously up to you).

　　But with Inkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes. Here's where things get interesting, though: If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple Inkling users, that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook to come across. That means users have access to notes from not only their classmates and Facebook friends, but anyone who purchased the book across the country. The best comments are then sorted democratically by a voting system, meaning that your social learning experience is shared with the best and brightest thinkers.

　　As a bonus, professors can even chime in (插話) on discussions. They'll be able to answer the questions of students who are in their class directly via the interactive book.

　　Of course, Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well. Textbook versions are constantly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs (the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard). Furthermore, students will be able to purchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing, with individual chapters costing as little as $ 2.99.

　　There are, however, challenges.

　　"It takes efforts to build each book," MacInnis tells me. And it's clear why.

　　Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you can tell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.

　　For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, and though a few of these educational institutions are giving the hardware away for free, for other students who don't have such a luxury it's an added layer of cost-and an expensive one at that.

　　But this much is clear: The traditional textbook model is and has been broken for quite some time. Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen, and we probably won't have a definite answer for the next few years.

　　However, the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction. And at least for now, that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible (可觸摸的), a little less of a dream.

　　1. The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that __________.

　　A) they are not reused once a new edition comes out

　　B) they cost hundreds of dollars every semester

　　C) they are too heavy to carry around

　　D) they take a longer time to revise

　　2. What does the author say about digital textbooks?

　　A) It is not likely they will replace traditional textbooks.

　　B) They haven't fixed all the shortcomings of print books.

　　C) Very few of them are available in the market.

　　D) Many people still have difficulty using them.

　　3. According to Kalpit Shah, some students still use paper and pencil because __________.

　　A) they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPad

　　B) they are unwilling to change their study behavior

　　C) they have got tired of reading on the iPad

　　D) they are not used to reading off the screen

　　4. Inkling CEO Matt MacInnis explains that the problem with Course Smart's current digital textbooks is that __________.

　　A) they have to be revised repeatedly

　　B) they are inconvenient to use in class

　　C) they are different from most mainstream products

　　D) they are no more than print versions put on a screen

　　5. Matt MacInnis describes the updated version of Inking as __________.

　　A) a good example of the mainstream products

　　B) a marvelous product of many creative ideas

　　C) a platform for building multimedia content

　　D) a mere skeleton of traditional textbooks

　　6. The author is most excited about Inkling's notation system because one can __________.

　　A) share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkers

　　B) participate in discussions with classmates and Facebook friends

　　C) vote for the best learners democratically

　　D) store information on the cloud

　　7. One additional advantage of the interactive digital textbook is that __________.

　　A) students can switch to different discussions at any point

　　B) students can download relevant critical comments

　　C) professors can join in students' online discussions

　　D) professors can give prompt feedback to students' homework

　　8. One of the challenges to build an interactive digital textbook from the ground up is that it takes a great deal of __________.

　　9. One problem for students to replace traditional textbooks with interactive digital ones is the high __________ of the hardware.

　　10. According to the author, whether digital textbooks will catch on still __________.

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