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　　Teenage boys, regardless of race,are more likely to die from gunshot wounds than from all natural causes combined.

　　By the time the average American child leaves primary school, he or she will witness 8,000 murders and more than 100,000 acts of violence on television.

　　Youth are becoming involved in violence at an alarming rate. In fact, the young arrest rate for murder doubled, from 6 arrests per 100,000 youth aged from 10 to 17 to over 12 per 100,000.

　　The American Psychological Association Commission on Violence and Youth reported on a study of first and second graders in Washington DC:45% said they had witnessed muggings (行兇搶劫),31 % said they had witnessed shootings, and 39% said they had seen dead bodies.

　　For the many youth who have not been directly exposed to violence in their own communities, the entertainment media (television, movies, music and video games) provides many opportunities for children to see and hear violent exchanges. Research shows that there are about 5-6 violent acts per hour on prime time and 20-25 violent acts on Saturday morning children’s programming. In its report, the American Psychological Association (APA) reported that viewing violence on television hurts children in many ways. In particular, the APA concludes that children may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others,be more fearful of the world around them,be more likely to behave in aggressive or harmful ways toward others, and gradually accept violence as a way to solve problems. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry also cautions that children may imitate the violence they observe on television.

　　Another form of violence involving youth is physical punishment in the schools. This form of discipline still remains legally supported in 23 nations in America. The Office for Civil Rights in the Department of Education reported that 555，000 students were physically punished in the schools during this school year. Although such punishment has been regarded as an effective method of discipline by those who apply it, the findings are obvious that physical punishment does not work and that children who are victims of physical punishment are subject to potential long-term physical and emotional damage.

　　練習題：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1.According to the passage, the American teenage boys，lives are most threatened by ______

　　A.gun murders

　　B.natural diseases

　　C.TV violence

　　D. physical punishment

　　2.The author tends to use the fourth paragraph to support the idea that _____

　　A.many youth have watched much violence on TV

　　B.youth violence in Washington D.C.is very serious

　　C.fights may be the most widely-seen youth violence

　　D.American youth have been exposed to much violence

　　3.The APA indicates that too much TV violence may change children ______

　　A.to become separated from the world

　　B.to remain indifferent to others’ pain

　　C.to solve problems only by violence

　　D.to be fearful of aggressive behaviors

　　4.The passage does NOT discus that many youth become victim of ______

　　A.murders B.family violence C. TV violence D.school violence

　　5.The author may most probably agree that physical punishment is _________

　　A. acceptable, though ineffective

　　B. illegal，though effective

　　C. harmful, though legal

　　D. reasonable, though illegal

　　1.[A] 事實細節(jié)題。本題考查對比處。根據(jù)第1段中的more likely…than可知選項A正確，選項B可由此排除。選項C和D雖在文中有提到，但作者并無討論它們是否危及孩子的生命。

　　2.[D] 主旨大意題。文章第1和第2段提出話題:小孩接觸太多暴力。第3段和第4段討論小孩遇到的嚴重暴力，如murder, muggings等，為主題服務，因此本段應支持文章開頭提出的話題。本段說明的是現(xiàn)實生活中的暴力，而非電視上的，故選項A不對,選項B和C都只是對本段中某個現(xiàn)象的描述。

　　3.[B] 推理判斷題。本題考査列舉處。選項B是對第5段倒數(shù)第2句中become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others的近義替換，因此正確。選項A中的isolated并不等同于文中的fearful，也不是因為害怕世界必然帶來的結果。選項C中的only過于絕對，文中只說a way。選項D拼湊了原句中的某些詞語，但文中并無此意。

　　4. [B] 主旨大意題。本文結構可分為四部分：第1段和第2段總起，指出論題;第二部分討論murder等嚴重暴力;第三部分即第5段討論TV violence;第四部分即最后一段討論學校里的體罰，也就是school violence。因此只有選項B沒有在文中討論。

　　5. [C] 觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段,特別是最后一句，可以推斷作者認為體罰不起作用，并對學生身心產(chǎn)生有害的影響，由此可見，作者不認同體罰，因此選項A和D不正確。選項B中的illegal與文中說法相反，因此也不正確。

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