C. 在陳述句中
陳述句在一般情況下用自然語序;但由于英語語法的某些原因,陳述句也要使用倒裝語序。這些原因大致可以歸納
1) 為了避免句子部分內(nèi)容不必要的重復(fù),常用"so + be動(dòng)詞(助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語"或"neither / nor + be動(dòng)詞(助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語"的倒裝句式。其中第一個(gè)句式表示"與前面所述的肯定情況相同", 第二個(gè)句式表示"與前面所述的否定情況相同"。例如:
His brother is a college student; so is mine.
他弟弟是大學(xué)生,我弟弟也是。
His brother is not a college student; nor is min .
他弟弟不是大學(xué)生,我弟弟也不是。
He used to have his further study abroad; so did I.
他曾去國外深造過,我也去過。
He didn‘t use to have his further study abroad; neither did I.
他沒去國外深造過,我也沒有。
One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; so can his wife.
我的一個(gè)朋友會(huì)說三門外國語,他的妻子也會(huì)。
One of my friends cannot speak three foreign languages; neither can his wife .我的一個(gè)朋友不會(huì)說三門外國語,他的妻子也不會(huì)。
They are now preparing for their final examinations; so are we .
他們正在為期末考試作準(zhǔn)備,我們也一樣。
They are not now preparing for their final examinations; nor are we .
他們沒在為期末考試作準(zhǔn)備,我們也沒有。
2)具有否定意義的詞或短語置于句首時(shí)(除否定詞修飾主語外),句子一般要寫成部分倒裝句。這類詞或短語常見的有:not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner … (than), hardly … (when), not only … (but also), not until… ,等。例如:
Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door .
她還沒來得及坐下來,就聽見有人敲門。
Not until twelve o‘clock did he go to bed last night .
他昨晚直到十二點(diǎn)鐘才睡覺。
Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before .
我的妹妹們以前從未去過香港。
No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there.我從新西蘭一回國,就買了一棟房子并在那兒住下了。
So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother.
就我所知,瑪利幾乎很難回來看她媽媽。
Scarcely a drop of rain fell here last fall . (否定詞修飾主語時(shí),句子不用倒裝。) 去年秋天,這兒幾乎沒下一滴雨。
3)當(dāng)so, often, only等表示程度、頻率的副詞放在句首時(shí),句子一般要倒裝。例如:
Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.
只有這樣,你才有可能想出解決這個(gè)問題的辦法。
So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test.
形勢(shì)如此地嚴(yán)峻,每個(gè)人都面臨著一場考驗(yàn)。
So hard did he overwork that he fell ill at last. 他太操勞過度以致最后病倒了。
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