專項(xiàng)輔導(dǎo)：英語四六級寫作論說文題型分析及講解

　　Some people hold that men are superior to women. They consider women are weaker than men both physical and mental. Their argument is that the most important positions in society are held by men, not by women. But,many people think differently. They argue that women seem to be less important than men because they are allowed much less chance to show their abilities. They have been living for too long a time in a world dominated by men.

　　In my opinion, either sex has its own strong and weak points. Men and women should regard each other as equals. If they can support each other in their life, our society will become a more colorful and harmonious one.

　　在導(dǎo)言中作者提出了自己所支持的觀點(diǎn)：不論是在家中還是在社會上，男女都應(yīng)該平等，接下來作者指出并不是所有的人都贊同這一觀點(diǎn),然后在正文部分作者對反面意見進(jìn)行反駁，通過反駁反面意見達(dá)到說服和教育讀者的目的。

　　二、論說文的組織方法

　　作者在導(dǎo)言部分提出論點(diǎn)之后，可以用歸納法、演繹法等證明這一論點(diǎn)。

　　1�睔w納法

　　歸納法是一種邏輯推理方法。一些論說文通過這種方法組織素材，從邏輯上論證某一觀點(diǎn)的正確性，在具體寫作中，作者首先要列舉事實(shí)(這一點(diǎn)類似于說明文的列舉法)，然后根據(jù)這些事實(shí)自然地引申出一個(gè)符合邏輯的結(jié)論。例如：

　　Fact 1：Each member of family has a bad cough for weeks after they moved to the new house.

　　Fact 2：Some other people living in this building have also suffered from cough.

　　Fact 3：This building has been newly decorated.

　　Conclusion: The decoration material must contain some pollutants.

　　2�毖堇[法

　　演繹法是與歸納法相對的另一種邏輯推理方式。論說文在使用演繹法組織文章時(shí)，作者首先要提出一個(gè)眾所周知的原理或結(jié)論，然后據(jù)此及相應(yīng)的事實(shí)再推論出作者的結(jié)論。

　　Well�瞜nown concept: Polluting decoration material does harm to people�餾 health.

　　Fact 1：Each member of family has a bad cough for weeks after they moved to the new house.

　　Fact 2：Some other people living in this building have also suffered from cough.

　　Fact 3：The building has been newly decorated.

　　Conclusion: The decoration material must contain some pollutants.

　　三、論說文的種類

　　這里所說的論說文的種類是根據(jù)大學(xué)英語四級考試中命題作文的出題特點(diǎn)和寫作方法、寫作目的來劃分的,目的是為了讓考生能更好地抓住寫作的重心，更快地掌握寫作的技巧。四級英語考試的命題作文中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的論說文類型有以下三種：分析性論說文、解釋性論說文和批駁性論說文。