六級(jí)漢譯英講義
一、漢譯英應(yīng)試原則和基本程序
(一)漢譯英應(yīng)試原則
手法靈活(如遇難譯之處,換用其它相近說(shuō)法表達(dá))
語(yǔ)法正確(避免時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)等語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤)
內(nèi)容忠實(shí)(必須把原文的內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確而完整地表達(dá)出來(lái),不得有任何歪曲、遺漏或增刪)
語(yǔ)言閃光(譯文符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣,且用詞準(zhǔn)確、多樣)
(二)漢譯英基本程序
1.理解 通讀并透徹理解原文含義
2.翻譯 確定譯文句子的時(shí)態(tài)、句型、結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞
3.審校 首先檢查譯文是否正確地轉(zhuǎn)述了原文內(nèi)容,是否有錯(cuò)譯和漏譯;其次,檢查是否有語(yǔ)言上的明顯錯(cuò)誤,如時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、拼寫(xiě)、大小寫(xiě)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等。發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤,及時(shí)改正。
二、漢譯英專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)
一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法
1) Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).
2) This substance _______________(反應(yīng)速度是另外那種物質(zhì)的三倍).
3) The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).
4) The landlord _______________(想將租金提高三分之一).
5) They _______________(計(jì)劃將投資增加一倍).
二、時(shí)態(tài)
1) Be quick, _______________(否則等我們到達(dá)教
2) When she got home, _______________(孩子們已經(jīng)睡著了).
3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐將在海邊度假).
4) I_______________(一上午都在修改我的簡(jiǎn)歷).
5) Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不,我已經(jīng)有五年沒(méi)有度假了).
6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他參軍已五年了).
三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
1) The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被電腦和投影機(jī)所取代).
2) The book _______________(到今年年底就將已出版).
3) Computer models _______________(可以用來(lái)演示細(xì)胞工作的方式).
4) When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我驚呆了,價(jià)格大大超出了我的預(yù)料).
5) _______________(必須立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.
四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
1) The phone is ringing, _______________(但是沒(méi)人接聽(tīng)。她一定不在家).
2) I can’t find my sunglasses. _______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).
3) You screamed in your sleep last night. _______________(你一定夢(mèng)見(jiàn)什么可怕的東西了).
4) It’s a pity. _______________(你本應(yīng)該邀請(qǐng)她來(lái)參加你的畢業(yè)典禮的).
5) _______________(其實(shí)我沒(méi)必要穿上我最好的套裝去參加那次聚會(huì)的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.
五、虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1) I wish _______________(我年輕的時(shí)候有你們這樣的機(jī)會(huì)).
2) If only _______________(他知道這病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.
3) —— Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?
—— I’d rather he _______________(漆成藍(lán)色的,而且不帶任何裝飾).
4) It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解決交通堵塞的問(wèn)題).
5) Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大會(huì)上發(fā)表演說(shuō)似的).
6) We insist that _______________(讓杰克立刻進(jìn)醫(yī)院).
7) It was advised that _______________(在居民區(qū)設(shè)立更多的流動(dòng)商店).
8) His proposal was that _______________(他們成立一個(gè)專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì)來(lái)檢查這個(gè)問(wèn)題).
9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考試).
10) It is ridiculous that _______________(我們?cè)谝粋(gè)總是下雨的國(guó)家還缺水).
11) It is essential that _______________(每個(gè)人都為緊急情況做好準(zhǔn)備).
12) _______________(如果他按照我告訴他的辦法訂票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.
13) I was to have made a speech _______________(要不是有人把我的話(huà)打斷了).
14) It didn’t rain last night. _______________(要是下了,地就會(huì)濕的).
15) _______________(如果我一直住在紐約), I would know the U.S. well now.
16) If the doctor had not come in time, _______________(他現(xiàn)在就不在人間了).
17) But for his help, _______________(我們就不會(huì)以這么低的價(jià)格租到房子了).
18) I used my calculator; _______________(否則,我會(huì)花更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間才能算出這道題).
19) Were I in your place, _______________(我會(huì)毫不猶豫地抓住機(jī)會(huì)).
20) Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(這項(xiàng)法案早就通過(guò)了).
21) Should there be another world war, _______________(人類(lèi)的繼續(xù)存在就會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)).
22) He walked lightly _______________(以免驚醒嬰兒).
六、不定式
1) It was a great achievement _______________(10個(gè)月建成一棟24層的樓).
2) It is necessary _______________(我們?cè)诳荚嚽昂煤玫厮煌砩嫌X(jué)).
3) It is generous _______________(你把這么多錢(qián)捐給災(zāi)區(qū)人民).
4) The teacher decided _______________(不懲罰那些上課遲到的學(xué)生).
5) Mr. Green was wondering _______________ (是否去看望在法國(guó)的兒子).
6) The gardener _______________(剛才警告我不要在中午給花澆水).
7) We _______________(請(qǐng)他給我們做有關(guān)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的講座).
8) He feels it challenging _______________(在這么大一所大學(xué)做學(xué)生會(huì)主席).
9) We hope to have more opportunities _______________(把我們?cè)谡n堂上學(xué)到的東西應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐).
10) The bad weather _______________(破壞了我們?cè)诼短旆烹娪暗挠?jì)劃).
11) The environmentalists are against _______________(在郊區(qū)建一座核電站的決定).
12) Sally Ride was the first _______________(探索外部空間的美國(guó)婦女).
13) They lifted a rock _______________(結(jié)果砸了自己的腳).
14) He was surprised _______________(在這個(gè)山村遇見(jiàn)一個(gè)中學(xué)同學(xué)).
15) I am sorry _______________(占用了您這么多時(shí)間).
16) I happened _______________(在他沖進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候站在門(mén)口).
17) She doesn’t like _______________(被當(dāng)作客人).
18) If you want to save money, you’d better _______________(到校園書(shū)店買(mǎi)舊書(shū)).
19) We did nothing _______________(除了整天打橋牌).
20) We were made _______________(進(jìn)屋之前在墊子上擦擦腳).
七、分詞
1) This is the first time that I heard _______________(用意大利語(yǔ)唱“祝你生日快樂(lè)”).
2) The cars _______________(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed.
3) The war went on for years, _______________(奪去了成千上萬(wàn)人的生命).
4) The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _______________(將平均產(chǎn)量提高了15%).
5) Einstein watched the toy in delight, _______________(想推導(dǎo)出它的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)原理).
6) _______________(看到大家都在聚精會(huì)神地看書(shū)), we stopped talking and began to study.
7) _______________(被這個(gè)男孩的事跡深深打動(dòng)了), they decided to pay for his education.
8) _______________(從一個(gè)年輕朋友的眼光來(lái)看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.
9) _______________(好久沒(méi)有收到父母的來(lái)信了), he was worried about them.
八、動(dòng)名詞
1) _______________(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good.
2) They tried to avoid _______________(讓女兒做她不喜歡的事情).
3) Developing varieties is the key to _______________(使我們的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入國(guó)際市場(chǎng)).
4) It is no use _______________(為灑了的牛奶而哭泣).
5) He denied_______________(偷看了同桌的試卷).
6) We congratulated her on _______________(被提升為經(jīng)理).
九、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法區(qū)別
1) Success means _______________(非常努力地工作).
2) John meant _______________(開(kāi)車(chē)去那兒,但他的車(chē)出了故障).
3) I heard him _______________(在跟他的母親談話(huà)).
4) I heard him _______________(跟他的母親談了一個(gè)小時(shí)).
5) He jumped into the pool to save the child _______________(結(jié)果卻摔斷了自己的腿).
6) He jumped from the burning house, _______________(摔斷了雙腿).
7) He was happy _______________(看到父母很健康).
8) _______________(看到父母安然無(wú)恙), he issued a sigh of relief.
9) _______________(跟隨著它的腳印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.
10) The pop, _______________(后面跟著兩個(gè)保鏢), came to meet his fans.
十、名詞從句
1) _______________(他們?yōu)槭裁措x開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)去云南) is still a secret.
2) _______________(最讓我不解的) was that he spoke English so well.
3) _______________(這么做是故意的) became obvious.
4) It is not clear yet _______________(誰(shuí)應(yīng)該為這件事負(fù)責(zé)).
5) It is none of your business _______________(瑪麗與誰(shuí)訂婚).
6) Don’t put off till tomorrow _______________(今天能做的事).
7) This novel is just _______________(我一直在尋找的).
8) It is not yet known _______________(機(jī)器人是否有一天能擁有象人一樣的視力).
9) _______________(她是否喜歡那個(gè)禮物) is not clear to me.
10) My main problem right now is _______________(我是否應(yīng)該請(qǐng)求另一筆貸款).
11) It all depends on _______________(他們是否會(huì)支持我們).
12) You have yet to answer my question _______________(我是否可以指望你的投票).
13) Finally, the workers got an answer _______________(政府做不了什么事來(lái)提高他們工資).
14) Obviously, there was little certainty _______________(主席會(huì)同意他的提議).
十一、定語(yǔ)從句
1) Everyday many tourists come to visit _______________(魯迅出生的那棟房子).
2) The old lady died _______________(在她兒子到達(dá)的那天).
3) This is _______________(我贊成這一改革的理由).
4) Let ABC be _______________(一個(gè)三邊不等長(zhǎng)的三角形).
5) Some of the roads were flooded, _______________(這使我們的旅程更為艱難).
6) He introduced me to his students, _______________(他們大部分是英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生).
7) _______________(眾所周知), water is a liquid.
十二、狀語(yǔ)從句
1) _______________(不管我們談?wù)撌裁?, Jim brings polities into the discussion.
2) _______________(不管哪一方獲勝), I shall be satisfied.
3) _______________(不管觀眾中的一些人如何使勁地難為他), the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply.
4) We climbed high _______________(這樣我們就可以看到更好的風(fēng)景).
5) The problem so very complicated _______________(花了我們兩個(gè)周才解決).
6) You can go out _______________(只要你答應(yīng)晚上11點(diǎn)以前回來(lái)).
7) I remember the whole thing _______________(仿佛是昨天發(fā)生的).
十三、比較級(jí)最高級(jí)
1) Does she dance _______________(跟她姐姐一樣地優(yōu)美)?
2) The buildings look _______________(在倫敦比在這兒難看得多).
3) This is _______________(他畫(huà)的最好的畫(huà)之一).
4) The higher you climb, _______________(空氣就越稀薄).
十四、倒裝句
1) Scarcely had she fallen asleep _______________(一陣敲門(mén)聲就把她吵醒).
2) No sooner had Anne arrived _______________(就生病了).
3) The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _______________(他妻子也沒(méi)說(shuō)一句歡迎的話(huà)).
4) Only then _______________(那個(gè)醫(yī)生才意識(shí)到他的病人需要手術(shù)).
5) Only when you adjust down your price _______________(我們才能做成這筆買(mǎi)賣(mài)).
十五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句
1) _______________(正是Jefferson寫(xiě)下了)the Declaration of Independence.
2) _______________(作者是帶著真摯的情感)praises all that is progressive.
3) _______________(正是因?yàn)樗疂q了)we could not cross the river.
4) _______________(人們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)正是Jim 這個(gè)無(wú)情的家伙) shouting at his mother in the dead of night.
5) _______________(直到我告訴她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.
[NextPage2007年新東方大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)講義(翻譯部分)2]
三、漢譯英專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)答案及解析
一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法
1) is 2.5 times greater than Force N2
(考點(diǎn):倍數(shù) + 形容詞/副詞比較級(jí) + than)
2) reacts three times as fast as the other one
(考點(diǎn):倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞/副詞 + as)
3) is 49 times the size of the moon
(考點(diǎn):倍數(shù) + 名詞)
4) wants to raise the rent by a third
(考點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞 + by + 數(shù)詞/百分比/倍數(shù))
5) plan to double their investment
(考點(diǎn):double + 名詞)
二、時(shí)態(tài)
1) or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church
(考點(diǎn):將來(lái)完成時(shí))
2) the children had fallen asleep
(考點(diǎn):過(guò)去完成時(shí))
3) my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside
(考點(diǎn):將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí))
4) have been revising my resume all the morning
(考點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí))
5) No. It has been five years since I went on holiday
(考點(diǎn):It has been … since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有做某事了)
6) He has been in the army for 5 years
(考點(diǎn):1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);2.要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞才能接一段時(shí)間)
三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
1) is being replaced by the computer and the projector
(考點(diǎn):被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))
2) will have been published by the end of this year
(考點(diǎn):被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的將來(lái)完成時(shí))
3) can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work
(考點(diǎn):1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞聯(lián)用; 2. 漢語(yǔ)有些沒(méi)有“被”字等標(biāo)志詞的句子也表示被動(dòng), 要譯成英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
4) I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated
(考點(diǎn):同“3”的考點(diǎn)2)
5) Effective measures must be taken immediately
(考點(diǎn):漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)主句通常翻譯成英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
1) but there is no answer. She can’t be at home
(考點(diǎn):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以表示可能性,can’t 表示“一定不”)
2) I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday
(考點(diǎn):“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的主觀判斷)
3) You must have dreamed of something terrible
(考點(diǎn):同上)
4) You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony
(考點(diǎn):“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should/ought to + have done” 用于評(píng)論過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并未做的動(dòng)作,含有批評(píng)的意思)
5) I needn’t have put on my best suit to go to the party
(考點(diǎn):“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞needn’t + have + done”表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行評(píng)論,認(rèn)為“無(wú)須發(fā)生”,“不必做”)
五、虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1) I had had your opportunities when I was young
(考點(diǎn):I wish后的that從句中用過(guò)去完成式表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望)
2) he had known this disease is curable
(考點(diǎn):If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句表示“但愿”或“要是……就好了”,用法與 I wish…基本相同)
3) painted it blue, and without any decorations
(考點(diǎn):would rather 后的that從句中用過(guò)去式表示不是事實(shí))
4) measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams
(考點(diǎn):It’s (about/high) time 后的that從句中用過(guò)去式,表示“該是……的時(shí)候了”)
5) as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly
(考點(diǎn):as if / as though引導(dǎo)的從句中用過(guò)去式表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑)
6) Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now
(考點(diǎn):表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞所接的賓語(yǔ)從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式)
7) more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area
(考點(diǎn):表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞所接的主語(yǔ)從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式)
8) they (should) set up a special board/committee to examine this problem
(考點(diǎn):表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的表語(yǔ)從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式)
9) the mid-term exams (should) be canceled
(考點(diǎn):表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的同位語(yǔ)從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式)
[表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞及其名詞常見(jiàn)的有:advise (advice), agree (agreement), decide (decision), decree, demand, determine (determination), grant, indicate (indication), insist (insistence), order, prefer (preference), propose (proposal), request, require (requirement), resolve (resolution), stipulate (stipulation), suggest(suggestion), urge, vote;常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞還有:allow, arrange, ask, beg, concede, demonstrate, ensure, intend, move, pledge, pray等]
10) we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining
(考點(diǎn):在It is/was +形容詞后的that從句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建議驚奇等。這類(lèi)形容詞常見(jiàn)的有:advisable, anxious, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, improper, natural, necessary, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing等)
11) everyone (should) be prepared for emergency
(考點(diǎn):同上)
12) If he had booked tickets in the way I told him
(考點(diǎn):在非真實(shí)條件句中用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反)
13) if I had not been interrupted
(考點(diǎn):同上)
14) If it had rained, the ground would be wet
(考點(diǎn):在非真實(shí)條件句中,當(dāng)主句與從句表示的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí),就根據(jù)情況用適當(dāng)?shù)闹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式)
15) If I had been living in New York
(考點(diǎn):同上)
16) he would be dead now
(考點(diǎn):同上)
17) we could not have rent a house at such a low price
(考點(diǎn):but for經(jīng)常作為非真實(shí)條件句中if的代用語(yǔ))
18) otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question
(考點(diǎn):otherwise也經(jīng)常作為非真實(shí)條件句中if的代用語(yǔ))
19) I would seize the opportunity without hesitation
(考點(diǎn):在非真實(shí)條件句中如果有were, had, should這三個(gè)詞,可以省去if,采用主謂語(yǔ)倒裝的形式來(lái)表示條件)
20) this act would have been passed much earlier
(考點(diǎn):同上)
21) the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy
(考點(diǎn):同上)
22) lest he should awaken the baby
(考點(diǎn):lest (以免)引導(dǎo)的從句通常用sb. should do的形式表示虛擬)
六、不定式
1) to complete a 24-story building in 10 months
(考點(diǎn):不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)放在句首代替不定式,而將不定式移到謂語(yǔ)后面)
2) for us to have a good night’s sleep before the test
(考點(diǎn):有時(shí)用“介詞for + 代詞/名詞”來(lái)表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ),這時(shí)整句的謂語(yǔ)描述的對(duì)象是事情,這種情況下謂語(yǔ)中常用的形容詞有:necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等)
3) of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area
(考點(diǎn):有時(shí)用“介詞of + 代詞/名詞”來(lái)表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ),這時(shí)整句的謂語(yǔ)描述的對(duì)象是人,這種情況下謂語(yǔ)中常用的形容詞有:absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cowardly, cruel, foolish, generous, good, honest, kind, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong等)
4) not to punish those students who had been late for class
(考點(diǎn):1. 用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作decide的賓語(yǔ);2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not)
(能帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有:afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, want, wish)
5) whether to visit their son in France
(考點(diǎn):“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”作動(dòng)詞wonder的賓語(yǔ)。能以這種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞通常有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder等)
6) warned me just now not to water flowers at noon
(考點(diǎn):不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))
7) invited him to give us a lecture on modern art
(考點(diǎn):同上)
(能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, compel, enable, determine, encourage, expect, feel, find, force, get, hate, have, hear, help, inform invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, see, send, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish等。注:劃線的動(dòng)詞后面的不定式不帶to)
8) to be the chairman of students’ union in so large a university
(考點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞 + it + 形容詞/名詞 + 不定式。it是形式賓語(yǔ),不定式是真正賓語(yǔ))
9) to apply what we have learned in class to practice
(考點(diǎn):不定式作定語(yǔ))
(不定式常用作以下名詞/代詞的定語(yǔ):ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wish等)
10) ruined our plan to show the film in the open air
(考點(diǎn):同上)
11) the decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs
(考點(diǎn):同上)
12) American woman to explore the outer space
(考點(diǎn):由only, last, next,序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞常用不定式作定語(yǔ))
13) only to drop it on their own feet
(考點(diǎn):不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))
14) to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village
(考點(diǎn):不定式作原因狀語(yǔ))
15) to have taken up so much of your time
(考點(diǎn):1. 不定式作原因狀語(yǔ);2. 不定式的完成時(shí))
16) to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in
(考點(diǎn):不定式的進(jìn)行式)
17) to be treated as a guest
(考點(diǎn):不定式的被動(dòng)形式)
18) go to the campus bookstore to buy used books
(考點(diǎn):不帶to的不定式)
19) but play bridge the whole day
(考點(diǎn):同上)
20) to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room
(考點(diǎn):當(dāng)動(dòng)詞see, make, hear等用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),不定式要保留to)
七、分詞
1) “Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian
(考點(diǎn):分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))
(catch, discover, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, make, notice, see, watch等動(dòng)詞常用分詞形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))
2) parked in the fire lane
(考點(diǎn):分詞作定語(yǔ))
3) killing thousands upon thousands of people
(考點(diǎn):分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))
4) raising the average yield by 15 percent
(考點(diǎn):同上)
5) trying to deduce its operating principle
(考點(diǎn):分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ))
6) Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book
(考點(diǎn):分詞作原因狀語(yǔ))
7) Deeply moved by the boy’s deeds
(考點(diǎn):同上)
8) Seen from the eyes of a young friend
(考點(diǎn):分詞作方式狀語(yǔ))
9) Not having heard from his parents for a long time
(考點(diǎn):1. 分詞作原因狀語(yǔ);2.分詞的否定形式;3.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式)
八、動(dòng)名詞
1) Taking a cold bath every day
(考點(diǎn):動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ))
2) making their daughter do what she didn’t like to do
(考點(diǎn):動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ))
(下列動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)只能是動(dòng)名詞而不能是不定式:admit, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, dread, encourage, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, can’t help, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, resent, resist, risk, can’t stand, stop, suggest)
3) getting our goods into the international market
(考點(diǎn):動(dòng)名詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ))
4) crying over spilled milk
(考點(diǎn):動(dòng)名詞用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)名詞經(jīng)常與以下詞組連用:be worth, have difficulty (in), it be no good/use/worthwhile, there be no need/no point in, how/what about, what’s the point of, what’s the use of)
5) having peeked at his neighbor’s test paper
(考點(diǎn):動(dòng)名詞的完成式)
6) being promoted to manager
(考點(diǎn):動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式)
九、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法區(qū)別
1) working very hard.
(考點(diǎn):mean表示“意味著”)
2) to drive there, but his car broke down
(考點(diǎn):mean表示“打算”)
(類(lèi)似需要區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞還有forget, remember, regret, go on, stop等)
3) talking to his mother
(考點(diǎn):強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行)
4) talk to his mother for an hour
(考點(diǎn):強(qiáng)調(diào)整個(gè)過(guò)程)
5) only to break his own leg
(考點(diǎn):意料之外的結(jié)果)
6) breaking his legs
(考點(diǎn):意料之中的結(jié)果)
7) to see his parents in good health
(考點(diǎn):不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)位于句末)
8) Seeing his parents safe and sound
(考點(diǎn):分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)位于句首)
9) Following its footprints
(考點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng))
10) followed by two body guards
(考點(diǎn):過(guò)去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng))
十、名詞從句
1) Why they left their hometown for Yunnan
(考點(diǎn):主語(yǔ)從句)
2) What confused me most
(考點(diǎn):同上)
3) That this was done on purpose
(考點(diǎn):同上)
4) who should be responsible for this matter
(考點(diǎn):較長(zhǎng)的主語(yǔ)從句可以后置,用it作形式主語(yǔ))
5) whom Mary is engaged to
(考點(diǎn):同上)
6) what can be done today
(考點(diǎn):賓語(yǔ)從句)
7) what I have been looking for
(考點(diǎn):表語(yǔ)從句)
8) whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision
(考點(diǎn):whether/if引導(dǎo)后置的主語(yǔ)從句)
9) Whether she likes the present
(考點(diǎn):whether引導(dǎo)前置的主語(yǔ)從句)
10) whether I should ask for another loan
(考點(diǎn):whether引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句)
11) whether they will support us
(考點(diǎn):whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)
12) whether I can count on your vote
(考點(diǎn):whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句)
(9-12中的whether不可以替換為if)
13) that the Government could do nothing to raise their wages
(考點(diǎn):同位語(yǔ)從句)
14) that the chairman would agree to this proposal
(考點(diǎn):同上)
十一、定語(yǔ)從句
1) the house where Lu Xun was born
(考點(diǎn):先行詞為地點(diǎn),定語(yǔ)從句通常由where引導(dǎo))
2) on the day when his son arrived
(考點(diǎn):先行詞為時(shí)間,定語(yǔ)從句通常由when引導(dǎo))
3) the reason why I am in favor of this reform
(考點(diǎn):先行詞為reason,定語(yǔ)從句通常由why引導(dǎo))
4) a triangle whose three sides are of unequal length
(考點(diǎn):whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句)
5) which made our journey more difficult
(考點(diǎn):非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
6) most of whom were English majors
(考點(diǎn):同上)
7) As is known to all
(考點(diǎn):as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句)
十二、狀語(yǔ)從句
1) Whatever we talk about
(考點(diǎn):讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)
2) Whichever side wins
(考點(diǎn):同上)
3) However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him
(考點(diǎn):同上)
4) so that we might get a better view
(考點(diǎn):目的狀語(yǔ)從句)
5) that it took us nearly two weeks to solve it
(考點(diǎn):結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)
6) as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night
(考點(diǎn):條件狀語(yǔ)從句)
7) as if it happened yesterday
(考點(diǎn):方式狀語(yǔ)從句)
十三、比較級(jí)最高級(jí)
1) as gracefully as her sister
(考點(diǎn):同級(jí)比較)
2) far uglier in London than here
(考點(diǎn):用副詞或詞組來(lái)修飾比較級(jí))
3) one of the best pictures that he has ever painted
(考點(diǎn):最高級(jí))
4) the thinner the air becomes
(考點(diǎn):“越……越……”結(jié)構(gòu))
十四、倒裝句
1) when a knock at the door awakened her
(考點(diǎn):Hardly…when…結(jié)構(gòu))
2) than she fell ill
(考點(diǎn):No sooner…than…結(jié)構(gòu))
3) Nor did the wife say a word of welcome.
(考點(diǎn):nor表示“后者與前者一樣地不……”)
4) did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery
(考點(diǎn):only引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)位于句首,句子倒裝)
5) can we conclude the business
(考點(diǎn):同上)
十五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句
1) It was Jefferson who wrote
(考點(diǎn):強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ))
2) It is with genuine feeling that the author(考點(diǎn):強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ))
3) It was because the water had risen that(考點(diǎn):強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)從句)
4) It was Jim, the heartless fellow, who was heard(考點(diǎn):強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ))
5) It was not until I told her that(考點(diǎn):強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)從句)
[NextPage2007年新東方大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)講義(翻譯部分)3]
一、總 則
隨著我國(guó)改革開(kāi)放的深入和綜合國(guó)力的增強(qiáng),我部對(duì)外交流和合作日益頻繁,對(duì)我部干部涉外工作能力提出了越來(lái)越高的要求。因此,我部在每年錄用公務(wù)員時(shí)均增加了英語(yǔ)筆試環(huán)節(jié)。
考慮到我國(guó)現(xiàn)行本科、研究生英語(yǔ)教育體系的實(shí)際情況,本考試在一定程度上借鑒大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)、六級(jí)的考試要求和命題方法,在四、六級(jí)的基礎(chǔ)上,更加注重對(duì)英語(yǔ)筆語(yǔ)綜合能力的考察。
英語(yǔ)筆試成績(jī)占綜合成績(jī)的15%。
本考試在公務(wù)員錄用面試之前由財(cái)政部人事教育司組織實(shí)施。
本考試為閉卷考試,考生在考試過(guò)程中不得查閱任何參考資料。
二、考試總框架與時(shí)間
本考試包括六個(gè)部分:
結(jié)構(gòu)、綜合改錯(cuò)、綜合填空、閱讀理解、英漢互譯、命題作文。
本考試命題遵循主觀題與客觀題相結(jié)合的原則,主觀題大約占40%,客觀題大約占60%。兩種題型結(jié)合,目的是全面考察考生的綜合筆語(yǔ)能力。
考卷滿(mǎn)分為120分。
考試時(shí)間180分鐘,由考生自行掌握各部分的時(shí)間。
三、各部分內(nèi)容介紹與計(jì)分辦法
第一部分:詞語(yǔ)用法和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)(Part I: Vocabulary and Grammar)
共20題,每題1分,計(jì)20分。
本部分給出20個(gè)句子,每個(gè)句子中有一空白。要求考生從每題四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最合適的答案填入空白處,使句子完整,意義明確,合乎邏輯。20題中,涉及詞和短語(yǔ)用法的約占60%,涉及語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的約占40%。
詞語(yǔ)用法和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)部分的目的是測(cè)試考生運(yùn)用詞匯、短語(yǔ)及語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力?荚嚪秶源髮W(xué)英語(yǔ)一級(jí)至六級(jí)內(nèi)容為主。
第二部分:綜合改錯(cuò)(Part II :Correcting Mistakes)
共10題,每題1分,計(jì)10分。
本部分給出10個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子,每個(gè)句子中含有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤,每個(gè)錯(cuò)誤涉及1個(gè)單詞,可能需要改正、 增添或刪去該詞。錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型有語(yǔ)法、搭配、用詞、拼寫(xiě)等。要求考生找出錯(cuò)誤并改正,使句子的意思完整、明確。
綜合改錯(cuò)部分的目的是測(cè)試考生綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。考試范圍以大學(xué)英語(yǔ)一級(jí)至六級(jí)內(nèi)容為主。
第三部分:綜合填空(Part III:Cloze)
共10題,每題1分,計(jì)10分。
本部分給出一篇150 – 200單詞的短文,其中有10個(gè)空白,每個(gè)空白提供四個(gè)選項(xiàng),要求考生從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最合適的一個(gè)填入空白處,使短文完整順暢。
綜合填空部分的目的是測(cè)試考生根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)、推測(cè)、判斷意義的能力?荚嚪秶源髮W(xué)英語(yǔ)一級(jí)至六級(jí)內(nèi)容為主。
第四部分:閱讀理解(Part IV:Reading Comprehension)
共15題,每題2分,計(jì)30分。
本部分給出三篇300單詞左右的短文,合計(jì)閱讀量共約1000單詞。每篇短文后給出五個(gè)題目,要求考生在認(rèn)真閱讀相關(guān)短文后,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容從每個(gè)
項(xiàng)中選出最合適的一項(xiàng)。
選材原則:
1、題材多樣,可以涉及人物、社會(huì)、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面,略側(cè)重經(jīng)濟(jì)、財(cái)經(jīng)內(nèi)容,但是所涉及的背景知識(shí)應(yīng)能為學(xué)生所理解;
2、體裁多樣,可以包括敘述文、說(shuō)明文、議論文等;
3、文章的語(yǔ)言難度基本不超出大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)的水平,如某些關(guān)鍵的詞匯超出六級(jí)范圍,用漢語(yǔ)注明詞義。
閱讀理解部分主要測(cè)試下述能力:
1.既能理解個(gè)別句子的意義,也能理解上下文的邏輯關(guān)系;
2.既理解字面的意思;也能理解隱含的意思;
3.既理解事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié),也能理解所讀材料的主旨和大意;
4.能就文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行判斷、推理和信息轉(zhuǎn)換。
閱讀理解部分的目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生通過(guò)閱讀獲取信息的能力,既要求準(zhǔn)確,也要求有一定速度。
第五部分:翻譯(Part V:Translation)
共2題,每題15分,計(jì)30分。
本部分第一題為英譯漢,要求將大約150個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞的短文翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。第二題為漢譯英,要求將150 – 200個(gè)漢字的短文翻譯成英語(yǔ)。
選材原則:
基本上從近期報(bào)紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)上選取與中外經(jīng)濟(jì)、財(cái)經(jīng)問(wèn)題有關(guān)的文章,文章內(nèi)容力求清楚,文字難度一般,不涉及高深的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)和專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯。
翻譯部分主要測(cè)試考生的綜合翻譯能力,考察考生能否用流暢、易懂的漢語(yǔ)或英語(yǔ)準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)英語(yǔ)、漢語(yǔ)原文的意思。
第六部分:寫(xiě)作(Part VI:Writing)
共1題,計(jì)20分。
本部分以背景引導(dǎo)加題目的方式,要求考生根據(jù)題目所提供的背景和題目,寫(xiě)出不超過(guò)200單詞的英語(yǔ)作文。
題目所提供的背景和題目本身與近期中外經(jīng)濟(jì)、財(cái)經(jīng)問(wèn)題有關(guān),要求考生撰寫(xiě)議論文。文章應(yīng)該論點(diǎn)明確,支持有力,結(jié)論清晰。
寫(xiě)作部分主要測(cè)試考生用英語(yǔ)分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力,檢驗(yàn)考生是否了解英語(yǔ)在說(shuō)理、論述過(guò)程中有別于漢語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)。
四、答題要求
考試時(shí)將同時(shí)下發(fā)答題紙(Answer Sheet),所有答案均應(yīng)書(shū)寫(xiě)在答題紙上,寫(xiě)在試題本上的答案無(wú)效。
五、其他
大綱中的未竟事宜由財(cái)政部人事教育司負(fù)責(zé)解釋。
相關(guān)推薦:2007年英語(yǔ)六級(jí)短文改錯(cuò)命題規(guī)律解析
更多信息請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn):考試吧四六級(jí)欄目
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