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　　Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. However. federal rules forbid the practice of making ads louder than the programming. In addition, television stations always operate at the highest sound level allowed for reasons of efficiency. According to one NBC executive. no difference exists in the peak sound level of ads and programming. Given this information. whydo commercials sound so loud?

　　The sensation of sound involves a variety of factors in addition to its peak level. Advertisers are skilful at creating the impression of loudness through their expert use of such factors. One major contributor to the perceived loudness of commercials is that much less variation in sound level occurs during a commercial. In regular programming the intensity of sound varies over a large range. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak levels.

　　Other "tricks of the trade" are also used. Because low-frequency sounds can mask higher frequency sounds. advertisers filter out any noises that may drown out the primary message. In addition, the human voice hasmore auditory (聽覺的) impact in che middle frequency ranges. Advertisers electronically vary voice sounds so that they stay within such a frequency band. Another approach is to write the script so that lots of consonants(輔音) are used, because people are more aware of consonants than vowel (元音) sounds. Finally, advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highly different from those of the programming within which the commercial is buried. Because people become adapted to the type of sounds coming from programming. a dramatic change in sound quality draws viewer attention. For example. notice how many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some type.

　　The attention-getting property of commercials can be seen by observing one-to-two-year-old children who happen to be playing around a television set. They may totally ignore the programming. However. when a commercial comes on.their attention is immediately drawn to it because of its dramatic sound quality.1. According to the passage, the maximum intensity of sound coming from commercials________.

　　A) does not exceed that of programs

　　B) is greater than that of programs

　　C) varies over a large range than that of programs

　　D) is less than that of programs

　　2. Commercials create che sensation of loudness because____________________.

　　A) TV stations always operate at the highest sound levels

　　B) their sound levels are kept around peak levels

　　C) their sound levels are kept in the middle frequency ranges

　　D) unlike regular programs their intensity of sound varies over a wide range

　　3. Many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some kind because_________________.

　　A) pop songs attract viewer attention

　　B) it can increase their loudness

　　C) advertisers want to make them sound different from regular programs

　　D) advertisers want to merge music with commercials

　　4. One of the reasons why commercials are able to attract viewer attention is that_____________.

　　A) the human voices in commercials have more auditory impact

　　B) people like cheerful songs that change dramatically in sound quality

　　C) high-frequency sounds are used to mask sounds that drown out the primary message

　　D) they possess sound qualities that make the viewer feel that something unusual is happening

　　5. In the passage, the author is trying to tell us________________.

　　A) how TV ads vary vocal sounds to attract attention

　　B) how the loudness of TV ads is overcome

　　C) how advertisers control the sound properties of TV ads

　　D) how the attention-getting properties of sounds are made use of in TV ads

　　答案：

　　1.根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，電視廣告中最高強度的聲音_____________。

　　A)不會超過電視節(jié)目的聲音

　　B)比電視節(jié)目的聲音要強

　　C)強度在一個比電視節(jié)目聲音強度要廣的范圍里發(fā)生變化

　　D)比電視節(jié)目的聲音要弱

　　[A]第1段2句和第4句分別提到，聯(lián)邦法律禁止廣告聲音大于節(jié)目的聲音;國家廣播公司的某個官員稱，廣告和節(jié)目的最大音量并無區(qū)別。由此可知，廣告的聲音強度并沒有超過節(jié)目，因此A正確。

　　2.電視廣告讓人覺得聲音很大，因為__________________。

　　A)電視臺總是用最大的聲音來播出節(jié)目

　　B) 電視廣告的聲音被保持在最高峰值

　　C) 電視廣告的聲音被保持在中等波段

　　D) 與一般的電視節(jié)目不同，電視廣告的聲音強度在一個很廣的范圍內(nèi)變化

　　[B]第2段第1句指出，人們對聲音的感覺會受音量峰值的影響，后面進一步說明為達(dá)到此目的，廣告人使用的技巧。再結(jié)合本段最后一句，可知B項符合題意。

　　3.許多電視廣告都以某種快樂的歌曲開始，因為____________________。

　　A)流行歌曲能夠吸引觀眾的注意力

　　B)它能夠提大廣告的音量

　　C)廣告商想要讓廣告聽上去與一般的電視節(jié)目不同

　　D)廣告商想要將音樂與廣告融為一體

　　[C]第3段例數(shù)第2句提到，人們已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了節(jié)目中傳來的那種聲音，因此很多廣告使用歡快的歌曲作為開頭，希望以聲音的強烈變化吸引觀眾的注意力。C正確，其他選項沒有原文依據(jù)。

　　4.電視廣告能夠吸引觀眾注意力的其中一個原因是________________。

　　A)電視廣告中的人的聲音能產(chǎn)生更強的聽覺影響

　　B)人們喜歡聲音質(zhì)量有很大變化的歡快的歌曲

　　C)高頻的聲音是用來修飾那些壓過主要信息的聲音的

　　D)電視廣告的聲音質(zhì)量能夠讓觀眾感到有什么特別的事情正在發(fā)生

　　[D]第3段指出，廣告人采用與節(jié)目明顯不同的聲音制作廣告以吸引人們的注意力。最后一段也指出廣告獨特的音質(zhì)能立即吸引人們的注意,因此D正確。A是將音量保持到最高的技巧，因而與題意不符;C明顯與文中的表述相悖;B不能由文章推出。

　　5.作者在文章中想要告訴我們________________。

　　A)電視廣告是怎樣改變聲音來吸引觀眾的注意力的

　　B)電視廣告的大聲音是怎樣被克服的

　　C)廣告商是怎樣控制電視廣告的聲音特性的

　　D)聲音吸引人的注意力的特性是怎樣在電視廣告中得以運用的

　　[D]詢問文章主旨。從全文來看，作者一開始就提出“為什么商業(yè)廣告的聲音聽起來那么大”的問題，然后剖析其中的原因，說明技術(shù)人員是怎樣利用有特質(zhì)的聲音來制作廣告的。因此，D正確。

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