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　　Naturally, m a group of animals as diverse as the snakes, and with so many varied enemies. there are numerous defensive reactions and devices. There is. however, one general pattern of behavior. In the presence of suspected enemy the first reaction is to try to escape observation; if this fails, the next resort is the flight co some inaccessible retreat, but if this is not possible, or is circumvented. various kinds of intimidatory gestures and warning devices are brought

　　into play; in the last resort the snake attacks. This pattern vanes with the circumstances; some stages may be omitted or combined unpredictably whilst all some notoriously irascible species may dispense with all the preliminaries and attack almost at once. though seldom or never without some provocation.

　　Amongst the factors that increase aggressiveness are hunger, the mating season and surprise, with the last mentioned the commonest; when hunting for food or for mate. activity and the aggressive instinct are both at their peak. Owing to their poor sense of hearing snakes are very liable to be, quite literally, caught napping and a similar situation arises during their periods of temporary blindness just before sloughing (蛻皮)begins. By far the greatest number of snake-bit accidents result from the unwitting disturbance of resting snakes. and this hazard is much increased with species that are well disguised and whose natural instinct is to trust to this concealment as their principal defense. As well as differences in aggressiveness between individuals of the same species according to the circumstances and conditions, there are also notable differences between species, even closely allied species; and the reports of those who have been attacked may understandably be lacking in objectivity. So it is impossible to forecast. even in outline, how any encounter will develop.

　　The Hamadryad, for example, is usually credited with being amongst the most aggressive of snakes. and there are many accounts of unprovoked attacks, yet on one occasion fourteen men and seven dogs passed and returned within two yards from a nest and no snake was seen although the female. which guards the nest, could not have been far away.

　　1.When a snake meets a potential enemy, its primary device is______________.

　　A) avoiding any observation

　　B) Finding a safe shelter

　　C) giving a warning threat

　　D) starting a quick attack

　　2.The underlined phrase "dispense with all the preliminaries" in Paragraph I most probably means________________.

　　A) the snakes combine all the previous three steps

　　B) the snakes give up all the previous three steps

　　C) che snakes follow all the previous steps one by one

　　D) the snakes reverse the order of all the previous steps

　　3.A snake is most aggressive when_______________.

　　A) it meets a possible enemy

　　B) it is caught when it is sleeping or sloughing

　　C) it is disturbed unknowingly

　　D) it seeks a partner in che mating season

　　4.It is difficult to predict what would happen when a snake meets a man because____________.

　　A) no one bas ever clearly known how he himself was bit

　　B) man tends to be subjective when he describes his encounter with a snake

　　C) the aggressiveness of the snakes differs according to diverse situations

　　D) a snake does not begin co attack without provocation

　　5. The author uses the example in the last paragraph m support his idea that___________.

　　A) snakes do not begin the aggressive act if it is not disturbed

　　B) some snakes are more aggressive and more ready to attack

　　C) it is hard to forecast whether and how snakes would attack

　　D) snakes often conceal themselves as their principal defense

　　答案：

　　1.當(dāng)蛇遇到了潛在的敵人，它主要的做法會(huì)是______________。

　　A)避開任何監(jiān)視

　　B)找一個(gè)安全的庇護(hù)場所

　　C)給出一個(gè)警告威脅

　　D)開始快速攻擊

　　[A]首段第3句提到了蛇遇到可疑敵人時(shí)的行為模式：首先躲開對方的監(jiān)視，第二步是尋找安全藏身處，第三是向?qū)Ψ桨l(fā)出警告，最后實(shí)施攻擊，因此選項(xiàng)A為本題答案。選項(xiàng)B、C和D分別是對第二、第三和最后一步的近義替換，因此都不是正確答案。

　　2.第1段里含有下劃線的短語“dispense with all the preliminaries"的意思最可能是_________。

　　A)蛇結(jié)合了所有之前的三個(gè)步驟

　　B)蛇會(huì)放棄所有之前的三個(gè)步驟

　　C)蛇會(huì)依據(jù)之前的步驟一步一步進(jìn)行

　　D)蛇會(huì)保留所有之前步驟的順序

　　[B]首段最后一句中dispense with的前面提到過some stages may be omitted or combined，而下文提到attack almost at once,這稅明dispense with應(yīng)表示有些蛇不做前幾個(gè)步驟，而立刻展開進(jìn)攻，因此它的意思應(yīng)等同于omit“免除，省略”，也即選項(xiàng)B中的give up。其他選項(xiàng)語法上都說得通，但是與下文的attack almost at once不一致，因此都不是正確答案。

　　3.蛇最有攻擊性的時(shí)候是______________。

　　A)遇到了可能是敵人的動(dòng)物

　　B)在睡覺或蛻皮的時(shí)候給提住

　　C)在其沒有防備的情況下受到干擾

　　D)在交配季節(jié)求偶的時(shí)候

　　[D]第2段首句中第2個(gè)分句的mate一詞與選項(xiàng)D同義，因此選項(xiàng)D為本題答案。其他選項(xiàng)都在文中提到過，也是蛇會(huì)對敵人實(shí)施還擊的情況，但是這三個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)和正確選項(xiàng)之間的區(qū)別就在于，文中沒有提到在這些情況下“A snake is most aggressiv。(蛇最具有攻擊性)”，因此本題要緊扣第2段首句和其中的peak這個(gè)單詞。

　　4.很難預(yù)測當(dāng)蛇遇到人的時(shí)候會(huì)發(fā)生什么事情，因?yàn)開_______________。

　　A)從來就沒有人知道是怎么被蛇攻擊的

　　B)在形容與蛇遭遇的情形時(shí)，人們總是主觀性較強(qiáng)

　　C)在不同的情況下蛇的攻擊性程度都不一樣

　　D)沒有遭到挑釁的話，蛇是不會(huì)攻擊人的

　　[C]第2段最后兩句由So連接，顯示倒數(shù)第2句是原因，最后一句是結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)C是對倒數(shù)第2句的概括，為本題答案。選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)D與題干之間沒什么關(guān)聯(lián)，易排除;選項(xiàng)B雖然與該段倒數(shù)第2句的后一個(gè)分句意思相符，但它只是作為附加信息以說明蛇的個(gè)體行為差異很大，故也可排除。

　　5.在最后一個(gè)段落中，作者使用了例子來支持他的觀點(diǎn)：

　　A)如果不受干擾的話，蛇是不會(huì)率先發(fā)起攻擊行為的。

　　B)一些蛇更具攻擊性，也更趨向隨時(shí)進(jìn)行攻擊。

　　C)很難預(yù)測蛇是否會(huì)做出攻擊，會(huì)怎樣做出攻擊。

　　D)蛇主要的防衛(wèi)方式就是隱藏自己。

　　[C]第3段開頭就有for example這個(gè)標(biāo)志性的詞組，表明這一句是為了支持上文的例子。結(jié)合第2段末句可知，第3段是為了證明其不可預(yù)測性的，故C正確。

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