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1.able,capable,competent
able為常用詞,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知識與時間等,一般下效率無關(guān),用作定語表示能力超出平均水平。如:A cat is able to see in the dark. (貓在黑暗中能看見東西。)
capable 指滿足一般要求的能力,可以是表現(xiàn)出來的,也可是潛在的,搭配是be capable of +doing.用作定語,表示的能力沒有able表示的能力強。如:He is capable of running a mile in a minute. (他能在一分鐘內(nèi)跑完一英里。)He is a very capable doctor. (他是一位很好的大夫。)
competent 指"勝任","合格",或受過專業(yè)技術(shù)等訓練的,但不是超群的能力。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (醫(yī)生應(yīng)該能治多種病。)
2.aboard,abroad,board,broad
aboard 在船(或飛機,車)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.
abroad 副詞,在國外或海外。如:He often goes abroad.
board 為動詞,上(船,飛機,車)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now.
broad 為形容詞,寬廣的。如:He has very broad shoulders.
3.accept,receive
accept 接受,receive"接到","收到".如:I received an invitation yesterday,but I didn't accept it. (昨天我收到了一個請柬,但并沒有接受邀請。)
4.accident,incident,event
accident事故。如:a traffic accident (交通事故)
incident"附帶事件",在政治上特指引起國際爭端或戰(zhàn)爭的事件,事變。
event "事件",指特別重要的事件,通常是由以前的努力而產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,也指國家和社會的事件。
5. accomplish,complete,finish,achieve,attain
accomplish表成功,強調(diào)完成的結(jié)果而不是過程。如:Because of his hard word,things are accomplished. (由于他的努力,事情都已完成了。)
complete 表示積極的完成,更具體地指建筑、工程等的完成。如:Has he complete his novel yet?(他的小說寫完了嗎?)
finish 最常用,后接動詞的-ing形式,表示在一個活動的連續(xù)過程中完成了最后的一步或階段。如:I'll finish the job alone. (我要獨自完成這項工作。)
achieve 完成,實現(xiàn),強調(diào)通過努力而達到目的。如:You will achieve success if you work hard.
Attain達到,實現(xiàn),常用于一般人的能力不易達到的目的。如:Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals.
6.accurate,correct,exact,precise
accurate準確的,精確的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火車站的鐘應(yīng)該是準確的。)
correct"正確的",指符合一定的標準或準則,含有"無錯誤的"意味。它的反義詞是incorrect,wrong.
exact"精確的","恰好的",比"大體上正確"更進一步,表"絲毫不差".它的反義詞是inexact.
precise強調(diào)"精確","精密".
7.accuse,charge,sue
accuse 指責,指控,常與of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness.
charge 常與with搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving.
sue 常與for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.
8.achieve,acquire,require,inquire
achieve(成功地)完成,實現(xiàn)。如:He will never achieve anything unless he works harder. (如他不努力工作,將會一事無成。)
acquire取得,獲得,學到。如:acquire knowledge (獲得知識)
inquire打聽,詢問。如:inquire a person's name(問一個人的姓名)
require需要。如:We require more help. (我們需要更多的幫助。)
9.act,action,deed
act 用作名詞時,與action,deed均可表"行為","舉動".Act指時間較短的個人行動或行為,強調(diào)結(jié)果。如:The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his apples. (農(nóng)夫在孩子們正偷他的蘋果時把他們抓住了。)
action較正式,往往指不止包含一個步驟,且持續(xù)時間較長的行為或行動,強調(diào)行為的過程。如:Actions are more important than words. (行動比語言更重要。)
deed為正式用語,多指偉大的,顯著的,感人的行為。如:They thanked him for his good deeds. (他們感謝他做的好事。)
10.actual,true,real,genuine
actual 意為"實際的","現(xiàn)實的",指所形容的事物在事實上已經(jīng)發(fā)生或存在,而不是僅在理論上可能發(fā)生或存在的。
true"真實的",指與實際相符,而非虛假。
genuine "真的","非冒充的","貨真價實的",強調(diào)正宗而非冒牌。
11.adequate,enough,sufficient
adequate 足夠的,指數(shù)量多,適合需要的數(shù)量。
enough足夠的,指數(shù)量多,足夠滿足某種目的或愿望。
sufficient同enough,?苫Q使用。但sufficient指數(shù)量多,足夠滿足某種需要,在口語中常用enough,在書面語中常用sufficient,在不易肯定時多用enough.Enough可放在被修飾名詞后,且可作副詞,sufficient則不可這么用。
12.admit,confess
兩者都表"承認".
admit指大膽地承認以前試圖不論或推諉的壞事。如:John has admitted to breaking the window. (約翰已承認打破了窗玻璃。)
Confess常指承認錯誤,罪行等。如:The thief confessed his crime to the police. (小偷向警察承認了罪行。)
13.advice,advise
advice勸告(名詞)。如:I want to give you some advice.
advise勸告(動詞)。如:What do you advise me to do?
14.adopt,adapt
adopt (1)收養(yǎng)。如:Since they have no children of their own,they decided to adopt a little girl. (他們自己沒有孩子,所以決定收養(yǎng)一個小女孩。)(2)采納,采用,通過。如:He adopted our suggestion.(他采納了我們的建議。)
adopt與adapt詞形相近,后者的意思是"使適合","改編"等。
15.advance,proceed,progress
均可表"前進".
advance表向一個特定的目的地,在一定的時間或空間內(nèi)穩(wěn)定地向前運動。如:Napoleon's army advanced on Moscow. (拿破侖的軍隊向莫斯科挺進。)
proceed強調(diào)從一處向另一處的運動,常表停頓后繼續(xù)前進。如:They proceeded from London to Paris. (他們從倫敦往巴黎前進。)
peogress 多表自然過程,指生長,發(fā)展等穩(wěn)定地或循環(huán)往復(fù)地前進。如:The year is progressing,it will soon be summer. (光陰似箭,很快又是夏天了。)
16.advantage,benefit,profit
advantage 常指一種使某人處于比其他人相對有利的地位,機會或時機。如:He had the advantage of good education. (受過良好的教育對他十分有利。)
profit 多指報償或報償性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year?(你去年賺錢了嗎?)
benefit 指物質(zhì)利益或精神方面的好處。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我個人從這家企業(yè)中并不獲益。)
17.advise,convince,persuade
均可表"勸說".
advise表建議,規(guī)勸某人應(yīng)該做某事或如何做。如:He advised me to put my money in the bank. (他勸我把錢存入銀行。)
convince指向某人陳述事實,運用推理或邏輯證明使某人信服。如:We convinced Smith to go by train rather than plane. (我們說服了史密斯乘火車而不乘飛機前往。)
persuade指用感情說服某人去做某事。如:I persuaded him to go back to work. (我說服他回去工作了。)
18.affect,effect
affect影響(動詞)。如Smoking affects health.
effect效果,影響(名詞)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us.
19.afford,provide,supply
都有"提供,供給"的意思。
afford一般只用于抽象事物。
provide 和supply意思相同,兩個詞都和with連用,構(gòu)成provide /supply somebody with something的結(jié)構(gòu)。
20.agree,consent
agree 為常用詞。如:Do you agree to the condition?(你同意這個條件嗎?)
consent為正式用詞,多用于上下級的關(guān)系,表示同意別人的要求或請求。如:Did the king consent to your plan?(國王同意你的計劃嗎?)
21.aid,help,assist
用作動詞均可表"幫助".
aid為正式用詞,help最常用。
assist最正式,表示協(xié)助某人做某事,尤指在體力上或具體事務(wù)上幫助和扶持。如:She employed a woman to assist her with the housework. (她雇了一名婦女幫她做家務(wù)。)
22.alive,living,live
alive 指雖有死的可能,但仍活著,一般只作表語。
living可用于人或物,作定語時可前可后。
live只做前置定語,用于動物和個別事物前。
23.almost,nearly
一般說來,almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近"開始"、"完成" (目標)等。
在all,every,always 前,兩者都可用。如:He is almost (nearly)smoking. (他幾乎每天抽煙。)
almost可同never,no,nobody,none,nothing 連用,而nearly卻不能。如:Almost no one believed her. (幾乎沒人相信他。)
24.alone,lonely
alone只表"獨自"的客觀狀態(tài),沒有感情色彩,只作表語;lonely表"孤獨",:"寂寞",能作定語和表語。如:When she is left alone, she feels lonely. (剩下她一人時她就感到寂寞。)
alone,only均可表"只有",但alone須置于被修飾詞之后,only往往置于被修飾詞前。如:He alone (Only he) can remember the story. (只有他才能記起這段經(jīng)歷。)
25.already,all ready
already已經(jīng)(副詞)。如:The plane had already landed before we got to the airport.
all ready準備好的(作表語)。如:We were all ready to leave when the telephone rang.
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