lesson 20 ——ed分詞(二)

　　不定式、-ING分詞和-ED分詞三者間的關(guān)系

　　一、動(dòng)詞不定式與-ING分詞的區(qū)別

　　1. 作賓語時(shí)，-ING分詞表示抽象的、一般性或習(xí)慣性的和連續(xù)性的動(dòng)作，而不定式則表示某次具體動(dòng)作，特別是將來的動(dòng)作

　　I like playing football. I would like to play football this afternoon.

　　1) The school cannot tolerate on exams.

　　[A] cheating [B] to cheat [C] be cheated [D] being cheated

　　2) News of success keeps in.

　　[A] pouring [B] to pour [C] poured [D] to be pouring

　　3) Long [A] before the dawn [B] of recorded [C] history， humans celebrated to harvest [D] their crops.

　　2. 作定語時(shí)，-ING表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，用-ING的完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的完成;不定式表示未來發(fā)生

　　4) We were overjoyed at the news of China another man-made satellite.

　　[A] having launched [B] to have launched [C] to launch [D] launched

　　5) The applicants interviewing [A] are required to [B] bring all the necessary papers [C] two days later [D] .

　　6) Sorghum(高梁) leaves [A] occasionally contain [B] enough hydrocyanic acid killing [C] livestock(牲畜) [D] .

　　3. 當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞是進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，用不定式而不用-ING分詞作賓語

　　It's beginning to snow you. It starts raining.

　　I'm considering how to go(where to go， what to do)。 I considered emplying Mr.Wang but

　　decided that Mr.Chen was more suited

　　to the job.

　　4. 在remember，forget等詞后，如果跟-ING分詞，表示-ING分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主要謂語之前;如果跟不定式則表示不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主要謂語動(dòng)作之后

　　I remember telling her that last night. (“告

　　訴“發(fā)生在”記得“之前) He remembered to tell her that when she

　　came back. (“記得”發(fā)生在“告訴”之前)

　　I'm sorry I forgot to give you the message. (主

　　語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作“忘記”發(fā)生在不定式表

　　示的動(dòng)作“給帶口信”之前) Why! I have such a bad memory. I forgot

　　giving the message last night. (-ING分詞

　　表示的動(dòng)作“給帶口信”發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表

　　示的動(dòng)作“忘記”之前)

　　5. stop， go on和leave off之后跟接動(dòng)詞不定式和-ING分詞所表達(dá)的意義有所不同

　　They stopped (talking) to work. [停下(其他動(dòng)作)來工作]

　　They stopped working. [停下工作(來干其他動(dòng)作)]

　　Workers went on discussing the problem. [工人繼續(xù)討論這一問題]

　　Workers went on to discuss the problem.[工人們停下來其他事，繼續(xù)討論這一問題]

　　He left off writing.[他停下寫作(去干其他事)]

　　He left off to write.[他停下(其他事)來寫作]

　　6. … used to后跟不定式和-ING分詞，后跟不定式有兩種情況：一種是used to是固定用法表示“過去經(jīng)常干……”;另外一種情況是use的被動(dòng)詞態(tài)“be used”后跟不定式;后跟-ING分詞的情況有一種，那就是當(dāng)used to中的used是形容詞時(shí)，to后跟名詞或-ING分詞

　　7) When he was in the plastic plant， he together with the workers.

　　[A] has worked [B] had worked [C] had been worked [D] used to work

　　8) You will soon this climate and then the changes in temperature will not affect you.

　　[A] get used to[B] get to[C] get over[D] get on with

　　9) Mr. Anderson used to jogging [A] in the crisp morning [B] air during [C] the winter months [D] ， but now he has stopped.

　　7. 一般情況下，for后邊跟接there to be，而of后邊則跟接there being

　　10) It is fairly common in Africa for there an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping， singing， or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound.

　　[A] to be [B] being [C] to have been [D] having been

　　8. be+形容詞后面要跟動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語，而不用-ING

　　It is very difficult to manage the company.

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