B

　　Scientists 　have searched for many years for a method to tell whether a volcano(火山)explosion will be small or large. Now, four scientists say they have discovered something in lava(熔巖)that will help do this. They did the research on Mount Unzen on the southern Japanese island of Kyushu.

　　Mount Unzen exploded in November, 1990. Since then, more explosions have killed 43 people and destroyed the homes of more than 2,000 others. The volcano is still active today.

　　The scientists say the lava of the volcano contains high level of an element(成份)，which is a sign of the presence of the lava from deep in the earth, not from the surface. They say it shows that the lava coming directly from inside the earth is connected with huge explosions instead of smaller ones.

　　The scientists examined the lava from 18 explosions of Mount Unzen that took place during many thousands of years. They also studied the lava from other volcanoes in the area that are older than Mount Unzen. The lava studied came from both large and small explosions. The scientists found that large explosions contained more of the element than small ones. The scientists say if they had known this two years earlier, they could have warned the people living in the area near Mount Unzen and saved many lives.

　　55. From the passage we learn that Mount Unzen is the name of ______.

　　A. a huge volcano explosion

　　B. a Japanese island

　　C. an active volcano

　　D. a kind of lava

　　56. The four scientists discovered that the level of the element contained in the lava could tell ______.

　　A. the degree of a volcano explosion

　　B. the place of a possible explosion

　　C. the number of volcano explosions

　　D. the time of a possible explosion

　　57. The research of the four scientists was based on ______.

　　A. the lava that caused explosions

　　B. the presence of the lava from the surface

　　C. the damages caused by the 1990 explosion

　　D. the lava from different explosions in the area

　　C

　　Have you ever argued with your loved ones over simple misunderstandings(誤解)?Little wonder. We often believe we’re more skillful in getting our point across than we actually are, according to Boza Keysar, a professor at the University of Chicago. In his recent study, speakers tried to express their meanings using unclear sentences. Speakers who thought listeners understood were wrong nearly half the time. Here’s some good advice to reduce misunderstanding:

　　(1)Don’t trust what you see from the listener. Listeners often nod, look at you or say“uhhuh”to be polite or move the conversation along. But it’s easy to consider these as signs of understanding.

　　(2)Train the editor(編輯)in your head. If you say, “Beth discusses her problems with her husband, ”it’s not clear whether she’s talking to her husband or about him. Try instead, “Beth talks to her husband about her problems.”or “Beth talks to others about the problems with her husband. ”

　　(3)Ask listeners to repeat your message. Introduce your request by saying “I want to be sure I said that right. ”Questions like“How does that sound? ”or “Does that make sense? ”may also work.

　　(4)Listen well. When on the receiving end, ask questions to be sure you’re on the same page. After all, it isn’t just the speaker’s job to make his speech understood.

　　58. Why does the writer give us the advice?

　　A. We’re not skillful enough to make clear sentences.

　　B. Misunderstanding is damaging our normal lives.

　　C. Misunderstanding occurs now and then.

　　D. It’s impolite to say NO to others.

　　59. The writer suggests that when talking to others, the speaker should ______.

　　A. know that listeners will show him that they understand his words

　　B. express himself clearly even when he sees signs of understanding

　　C. notice listener’s signs of understanding

　　D. look directly into his listener’s eyes

　　60. By Train the editor in your head, the speakers are advised _______.

　　A. to get themselves trained by a good editor

　　B. to discuss problems with their husbands or wives

　　C. to express themselves in long but simple sentences

　　D. to make sure each sentence has only one meaning

　　61. In the last paragraph, the words you’re on the same page mean that ______.

　　A. you’re following the speakers closely

　　B. you’re reading the same page as the speaker does

　　C. you should know which page the speaker refers to

　　D. your story is written on the same page as the speaker’s