Passage Three

　　Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is one life’s essentials. Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have all been told, and told again, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.

　　But for many people the thought of food first thing in the morning is by no means a pleasure. So despite all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the latest year for which figures are available, the number of people who didn’t have breakfast, increased by 33 percent.

　　For those who feel pain of guilt about not eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years indicate that, for adults especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. “Going without breakfast does not affect performance,” said Arrold E. Bender, former professor of the nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London, “nor does giving people breakfast improve performance.”

　　Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better performance is surprisingly inadequate, and most of the recent work involves children, not adults, “The literature”, says one researcher, Dr. Erresto at the University of Texas, “is poor”.

　　71. The latest year for which figures could be obtained is _______.

　　A. the year the author wrote the article B. 1977

　　C. any year between 1997 and 1983 D. 1983

　　72. For those who do not take breakfast, the good news is that _______.

　　several studies have been done in the past few years

　　the omission of breakfast does no harm to one’s health

　　adults have especially made studies in this field

　　eating little in the morning is good for health

　　73. “…nor does giving people breakfast improve performance” means ______.

　　anyone without breakfast does improve his performance

　　not giving people breakfast improve performance

　　having breakfast does not improve performance, either

　　people having breakfast do improve their performance

　　74. The word “l(fā)iterature” in the last sentence refers to _______.

　　A. stories, poems, plays, etc. B. written works on a particular subject

　　C. any printed material D. the modern literature of America

　　75. What is implied but NOT stated by the author is that _______.

　　breakfast does not affect performance

　　Dr. Erresto is engaged in research work at an institution of higher learning

　　not eating breakfast might affect the health of children

　　Professor Bender once taught college courses in nutrition in London

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