C

　　The International Olympic Committee (IOC) said on February 9 it would award its highest honour to Arthur Ashe， the tennis star and human rights fighter who died on February 6 of AIDS. He was 49.

　　The award， called the Olympic Order， is awarded to sportsmen and others for service to the Olympics and its principled.

　　Ashe never participated in the Olympics， but IOC president Juan Antonio Samaranch said： “I think he was really a thorough Olympian.”

　　Ashe is the first black man to win Wimbledon and the only black to win the Australian US open titles.

　　Last April 8， he announced he had AIDS， which he got from a blood transfusion during a heart operation in 1983.

　　Ashe often worked for racial equality in and out of sports. He said the happiest moment of his life was not winning Wimbledon， but when Nelson Mandela—South Africa‘s antiapartheid (反種族隔離的) leader—was freed from jail in 1990.

　　A quote from Ashe： “I have good days and bad days. My ratio of good days to bad days is about six to one.”

　　( )9. The underlined word “award” in the first paragraph means “________”。

　　A. send a telegraph B. give a prize

　　C. congratulate somebody D. be in memory of somebody

　　( )10. Arthur Ashe ________.

　　A. won Olympic gold medals in tennis

　　B. took part in several Olympic Games

　　C. was a famous sportsman in the Olympic Games which was held in South Africa

　　D. had not been in any Olympic games

　　( )11. ________ made Ashe happier than anything else.

　　A. Nelson Mandela‘s freedom

　　B. Winning the Australian US open titles

　　C. Juan Antonio Samaranch‘ s congratulation

　　D. His good days in his life

　　( )12. Which is correct?

　　A. There were as many good days in his life as bad days.

　　B. His good days were equal to his bad days.

　　C. He had more good days in all his life than bad days.

　　D. He had six good days in all his life.

　　D

　　For some time past， it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”， there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards， at least in the early time， had to be directly connected to such basic physiological “drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words， a baby would learn if he needed food or drink or some sort of physical comfort， not otherwise.

　　It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except success in sight.

　　Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some movements， such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making， the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children‘s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “turned on” some lights—and indeed that they were able to learn some more turns to bring about this result， for example， two left or two right， or even to make as many as three turns to one side.

　　Papousek‘ s light experiment was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the light closely although they would “smile and speak” when the light was on. Papousek concluded that it was not the sight of the lights which pleased them. It was the success they were achieving in solving the problem， in mastering the skill， and then there is a basic human nature to make sense of the world and bring it under control.

　　( )13. According to the writer， babies learn to do things which _______.

　　A. will satisfy their surprise B. will meet their physical needs

　　C. are directly connected to pleasure D. will bring them a feeling of success

　　( )14. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby _________.

　　A. would make learned responses when it saw the milk

　　B. would continue the simple movements without being given milk

　　C. would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink

　　D. would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink

　　( )15. The babies would “smile and speak” at the lights because ________.

　　A. they succeeded in “turning on” the lights

　　B. the sight of lights was interesting

　　C. they need not turn back to watch the lights

　　D. the lights were directly connected to some basic “drives”

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