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Section II Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and 21 worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” 22 meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. One should be wary, however, of 23 that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a(n) 24 to others. Examination of factors related to the 25 development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in 26 .
The last century saw a steady gradual increase in 27 , and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, the number of potential listeners 28 , and thus there was some 29 in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a 30 activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would 31 distraction to other readers.
Towards the end of the century there was still 32 argument over whether books should be used for information or treated 33 , and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way 34 weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. 35 , its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was 36 by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a 37 readership on the other.
By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, 38 not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly 39 what the term “reading” 40 .
21.[A] contemporary[B] modern[C] medieval [D] western
22.[A] undoubtedly[B] really[C] absolutely[D] accordingly
23.[A] imagining[B] consuming[C] resuming[D] assuming
24.[A] interruption[B] distraction[C] bother[D] pressure
25.[A] historical[B] historic[C] history[D] historian
26.[A] quality[B] character[C] personality[D] distinctiveness
27.[A] literate[B] illiterate[C] literacy[D] literature
28.[A] receded[B] declined[C] increased[D] expanded
29.[A] limitation[B] necessity[C] reduction[D] shrink
30.[A] private[B] overt[C] public[D] secret
31.[A] cause[B] effect[C] produce[D] realize
32.[A] considerable[B] considerate[C] moderate[D] immoderate
33.[A] respectively[B] honorably[C] respectfully[D] relatively
34.[A] largely[B] intelligently[C] mentally[D] physically
35.[A] However[B]Whatever[C] Whichever[D] Wherever
36.[A] replaced[B] taken[C] followed[D] distinguished
37.[A] specific[B] special[C] specified[D] specialized
38.[A] and[B] if[C] but[D] or
39.[A] translated[B] differed[C] shifted[D] altered
40.[A] inferred[B] advised[C] induced[D] implied
答案:
Section II Use of English
文章總體分析
本文主要介紹了默讀在歷史上的發(fā)展演變過程,突出了它產(chǎn)生的原因和背景。第一段是總述,指出默讀是一種幾乎不為古典學(xué)者所知的現(xiàn)代行為。中世紀(jì)時期閱讀是指大聲朗讀,一直到19世紀(jì)默讀才比較流行。第二、三、四段是分述,段落之間是并列關(guān)系。第二段介紹了上個世紀(jì)閱讀的發(fā)展,第三段講的是接近20世紀(jì)末閱讀的發(fā)展情況,第四段講20世紀(jì)末期閱讀發(fā)展成為默讀。
答案解析
21. 選[C]?疾樯舷挛恼Z義銜接。本題要求填入一個形容詞,可以利用上義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)這一技巧。During the fifteenth century就是所填詞的下義詞,即15世紀(jì)。它既不屬于contemporary,也不屬于modern world;而[D]western則與本文主題無關(guān)。只有[C] medieval“中世紀(jì)的”,指14到16世紀(jì)之間,包括了15世紀(jì)。
22. 選[A]。考查上下文語義銜接與副詞的詞義辨析。所填副詞修飾動詞meant。文章第一句開篇明義,默讀是一種現(xiàn)代社會行為,古代學(xué)者根本不知默讀為何物。很顯然,這一句中強(qiáng)調(diào)讀書指的就是大聲朗讀,因此選[A] undoubtedly“毋庸置疑地,肯定地”,強(qiáng)調(diào)完全真實(shí)或是確實(shí)存在。[B]really“確實(shí)地,真正地”,與此處語氣不符;[C] absolutely“完全地,絕對地”;[D] accordingly“相應(yīng)地”。
23. 選[D]?疾樾谓~辨析。所填詞的邏輯主語是one,指人,賓語是that從句,從that從句可推斷空格處要表達(dá)“認(rèn)為,想象”的意思,因此排除[B] consuming“消費(fèi)”和[C] resuming“再繼續(xù),恢復(fù)”。[D] assuming“想,假想”,指為論證提出有一定根據(jù)的假設(shè),很少甚至無根據(jù)的心理推測,[A] imagining指隨意或在腦海中構(gòu)成清晰明確的圖像,此處顯然是assuming符合。
24. 選[B]。考查上下文語義銜接與名詞辨析。本題要求填入一個名詞來判斷大聲閱讀對他人的影響。我們從文章的第二段的末尾開始倒讀,在第二段的末尾同樣談到了大聲閱讀對他人的影響,此處的用詞是distraction,因此選復(fù)現(xiàn)的原詞[B]。[A] interruption“打斷,中止”,指的是瞬間行為使別人中斷做某事,reading顯然是一段時間的行為;[C] bother“麻煩,不便”,往往指“麻煩他人做某事”;[D] pressure“壓力”。
25. 選[A]?疾樾谓~辨析。本題需填入一個形容詞來表示“歷史發(fā)展”,四個選項(xiàng)都是同根詞,都與歷史有關(guān)[A] historical“歷史上的,歷史記載的”;[B] historic“(歷史上)著名的,重要的”;[C] history“歷史,歷史學(xué)”;[D] historian“歷史學(xué)家”。文章中主要表示客觀的歷史的發(fā)展,因此選[A]。
26. 選[B]?疾槊~辨析。所填詞表達(dá)閱讀任務(wù)本身在……方面的改變,是對閱讀這一任務(wù)的修飾或指代,因此排除[A] quality“(人的)品德,品性;(事物的)品質(zhì),質(zhì)量”,不能用來修飾默讀的品質(zhì),同時排除[C] personality“(人的)個性,人格,人物”,用來指代人而不能指代物;而[D] distinctiveness“(品質(zhì)性格或外表)與眾不同”,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是與其他事物的差別,本題并不是強(qiáng)調(diào)默讀與別的事物的差別。因此,只有[B] character“(事物的)特性,特質(zhì),(人或物)特點(diǎn),特征”,正好可以用來指默讀的特性。
27. 選[C]?疾樾谓~辨析。四個選項(xiàng)都是同根詞,[A] literate是形容詞,表示“能讀會寫的,識字的”,如果表達(dá)的是會讀寫的人越來越多,則應(yīng)用increase in the literate,the后面接形容詞表示某類人。[B] illiterate“文盲”或“不識字的,沒受教育的”,與文中意思相反;選項(xiàng)[C] literacy是名詞,指的是“有讀寫能力,有文化”,該句要表達(dá)的是文化素質(zhì)提高,因此是increase in literacy;[D] literature“文學(xué),作品”,不符合題意。
28. 選[B]。考查上下文語義銜接。前一分句講讀者數(shù)目增加了readers increased,那么相應(yīng)地聽別人讀書的人應(yīng)該是減少了。與increased形成反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)的只有[B] declined“下降”。而且從As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common…也可得到證實(shí)。其他選項(xiàng),[A] receded“后退,倒退”,不能用來修飾the number;[C] increased、[D] expanded“膨脹,擴(kuò)張”均與文意相反。
29. 選[C]?疾樯舷挛恼Z義銜接?崭袼诰渑c上一句之間的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系。正是因?yàn)樽x書的人數(shù)目增多,潛在的聽者的數(shù)目下降,所以大聲朗讀的必要性也就減弱。很自然由此得出正確答案[C] reduction“減少,減弱”。[A] limitation“限制”、[B] necessity“必要性,需要”、[D] shrink“縮水,萎縮”。
30. 選[A]?疾樯舷挛恼Z義銜接。空格所在句與上一句之間的邏輯關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系,由as和so連接。上一句講的是reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common。本題需要填入一個形容詞與上文形成對比,應(yīng)選[A] private“私人的”。該句句意:隨著讀書作為一種為聽眾服務(wù)而存在的活動愈來愈不常見,它逐漸變成一種大眾場所普遍的私人活動。其他選項(xiàng)[B] overt“公開的”、[C] public“大眾的,公開的”與文義相反;[D] secret“秘密的”與空格后的public相矛盾,秘密活動怎么會在大眾場所進(jìn)行?
31. 選[A]?疾閯釉~辨析。四個選項(xiàng)均有“產(chǎn)生、引起、導(dǎo)致”之意,但其用法并不相同。選項(xiàng)[A] cause“引起,導(dǎo)致”,表示事件起因和結(jié)果之間的關(guān)系;[B] effect指通過克服困難或采取有計劃的行為而取得成果;[C] produce著重表示見到的或?qū)嶋H的后果;[D] realize表示希望計劃、理想會成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。本文中表示一種因果關(guān)系,所以只有[A]符合題意。
32. 選[A]?疾樾稳菰~辨析。分析四個選項(xiàng),[A] considerable“相當(dāng)多的,相當(dāng)可觀的”、[B] considerate“考慮周到的”、[C] moderate“中等的,適度的,適中的”、[D] immoderate“不適中的,不合適的”。由still這個詞可知此處為肯定的含義,故選[A]。該句意思為:到世紀(jì)末仍然存在著許多爭論。
33. 選[C]?疾樯舷挛恼Z義銜接與副詞辨析。所填副詞修飾動詞treat,首先排除[A] respectively“分別地,各自地”,因?yàn)楸籺reated的只有books一種;同時排除[D] relatively“相應(yīng)地”,因?yàn)闆]有說明被對待的程度;[B] honorably“值得尊敬地,體面地”,應(yīng)該是尊敬地對待,而不能是值得尊敬地對待,所以選[C] respectfully“尊敬地,謙恭地”。
34. 選[C]。考查上下文語義銜接與副詞辨析?崭裉幮杼钜粋副詞修飾weaken“削弱,使變?nèi)酢薄7治鏊膫選項(xiàng),[A] largely“主要地,大量地,在很大程度上地”;[B] intelligently“聰明地”;[C] mentally“精神上地,智力上地”;[D] physically“體力上地”。根據(jù)上下文的意思,閱讀是一種智力上的行為,因此只有[C]符合題意。該句句意:人們討論閱讀諸如報紙這樣的材料是否在某種程度上是智力上的削弱。
35. 選[B]?疾樯舷挛倪壿嬨暯。主句講的是那種共同分享文化知識的習(xí)俗已經(jīng)成為過去,分句中提到了大聲閱讀的優(yōu)點(diǎn)its values,由此可以判斷主句和分句間的關(guān)系是讓步關(guān)系,用副詞whatever“無論什么,不管什么”連接,后面省略了主語和謂語“it had”。[A] However“然而,可是”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系;[C] whichever“任何一個”;[D] wherever“無論哪里”,表示的是地點(diǎn)。
36. 選[A]。考查上下文語義銜接。上句說到傳統(tǒng)的文化已經(jīng)消失,這句談到現(xiàn)在的媒體方式。前者肯定是被后者所取代的,因此選[A] replace“取代,代替”,符合題意。該句句意:取代傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗的一方面是現(xiàn)代的印刷媒體。[B] take“拿,取”、[C] follow“追隨,跟隨”、[D] distinguish“區(qū)別”。本題易誤選[C],這是因?yàn)闆]有弄明白傳統(tǒng)文化方式與現(xiàn)在媒體關(guān)系。
37. 選[D]?疾樾谓~辨析。選項(xiàng)[A] specific“明確的,確切的”;[B] special“特別的,特殊的,專門的”;[C]specified“明確規(guī)定的”;[D] specialized“專門的,專業(yè)的”。readership是一個抽象的概念,指“讀者的身份”。選項(xiàng)中可修飾這個詞的只有specialized,意為“專業(yè)化的”,因此選[D]。
38. 選[B]?疾樯舷挛倪壿嬨暯。本題涉及到上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,而且難度較大,因?yàn)榭崭袼谔帉?shí)際為一個省略主謂語的插入成分,即if (it is) not impossible,指的是students were being recommended…這件事可能的話。如果選其他三項(xiàng),則說明impossible與inappropriate并列,都修飾attitudes與skills,說被推薦的讀書態(tài)度與讀書使用的技能是不可能的,顯然不合邏輯,不可能怎么還會推薦呢,所以排除其他三項(xiàng)而選[B]。
39. 選[D]。考查上下文語義銜接與動詞辨析。[A] translated“翻譯”[B] differ“不一致,不同”,為不及物動詞;[C] shift “改變位置或方向”;[D] alter“改變,更改”。該句講在科學(xué)文化領(lǐng)域的進(jìn)步改變了“讀書”這個詞的含義,因此應(yīng)選[D]。
40. 選[D]?疾閯釉~用法。所填詞的主語是the term reading,排除主語應(yīng)為人的選項(xiàng)[B] advise“建議,勸告”與[C] induce“勸誘,促使”。[A] infer“推斷”、[D] imply“暗示,意味”,文章問“閱讀”這個術(shù)語(the term “reading”)意味著什么,而不是說它能推斷什么,因此選[D]。
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