準(zhǔn)備考研英語是一個長期的、有規(guī)律的過程。按照常規(guī),考研英語學(xué)習(xí)時間分為四個階段:基礎(chǔ)階段、強(qiáng)化階段、提高階段和沖刺階段。每個階段都需要達(dá)到既定的目標(biāo),步步為營,穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打,這樣才能提高成績,考上理想的學(xué)校。暑期前為考研英語基礎(chǔ)階段,在這個階段大家應(yīng)該達(dá)到如下目標(biāo):
單詞:熟練掌握基礎(chǔ)詞匯,基本掌握核心詞匯。背單詞重在遵循記憶規(guī)律,循環(huán)記憶,多重復(fù)幾遍,從而徹底攻克考研詞匯。
語法:熟練掌握考研英語?嫉暮诵恼Z法知識點(diǎn)。能夠劃清長難句句子結(jié)構(gòu),抓住句子重心和主干,基本理解句意;還要學(xué)會使用一些寫作常用句型。
閱讀理解:進(jìn)行一定量的精讀,初步認(rèn)識考研閱讀理解題目的特點(diǎn),注意對文中長難句的分析和基礎(chǔ)詞的引申義的把握。讀懂每篇文章,找到讀懂文章的樂趣和方法,克服畏難情緒;積累和理解各種背景知識;通過做題訓(xùn)練分析問題和邏輯推理的能力。
完形填空:通過完形填空鞏固詞匯和語法,同時熟悉英語文章上下文邏輯。以上是對于基礎(chǔ)階段的宏觀總結(jié),下面我們對一些考研英語常見疑難知識點(diǎn)進(jìn)行精析:
1、從句中缺主語或賓語的時候,且先行詞前有the only, the very等修飾時,只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)該定語從句。
Shanghai is the very place that the foreigners are eager to visit.
從句中缺狀語時,從句應(yīng)該用關(guān)系副詞或者介詞+關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)。
Then the great day came when he was to march past the palace in the parade.
I will show you the store in which you may buy all you need.
2、介詞after與look構(gòu)成的固定詞組中,介詞after不可前置,再如:look at, look for, take care of等。
The babies whom the nurses look after are very healthy.
3、動詞不定式和動名詞的區(qū)別
動詞不定式和動名詞都可以用作主語,在意義上相近。但動名詞多用來表示泛指或抽象動作,不定式多用來表示特指或具體動作。不定式作表語表示具體動作或?qū)韯幼鳎瑒用~作表語表示抽象的一般行為。
4、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、動名詞、不定式作定語的區(qū)別
1)作前置定語的情況。現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、動名詞可以作前置定語,而不定式不能作前置定語。如:
① a developing country, a developed country; boiling water, boiled water
現(xiàn)在分詞一般具有主動、進(jìn)行的特點(diǎn),而過去分詞一般則具有被動、完成的特點(diǎn)。a developing country=a country which is developing (發(fā)展中國家 );boiled water=water which has been boiled;a developed country=a country which has developed(發(fā)達(dá)國家)。但有一種特殊情況,過去分詞有時也表示主動、完成,如a developed country=a country which has developed,a sunken ship=a ship which has sunken。
、 building materials, a swimming pool
動名詞作定語時,表示所修飾名詞的功能:building materials=materials that are used to build houses;a swimming pool=a pool that is used to swim
2)作后置定語的情況,不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都能作后置定語,不同的是:不定式作定語,表示動作正要進(jìn)行(未發(fā)生);現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,表示動作正在進(jìn)行(正在發(fā)生);過去分詞作定語,表示動作已完成(已發(fā)生)。
5、現(xiàn)在分詞完成時與現(xiàn)在分詞的進(jìn)行時
現(xiàn)在分詞完成時having done,
Having lived in Beijing for quite a few years, Mr. Park had little difficulty understanding Chinese.
現(xiàn)在分詞的進(jìn)行時being done
The editorial being written now will appear in tomorrow's newspaper.
6、whatever和no matter what區(qū)別
whatever和 no matter what在句中引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時可以互換,如:
Whatever/ No matter what subject we talked about, it seemed that he was expert at it.
We will carry the reform to the end whatever/ no matter what happens.
二者的區(qū)別是:no matter what只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(如主語從句,賓語從句);whatever既可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句,又可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。
Whatever words I use can't express my appreciation of your timely help.
(whatever引導(dǎo)主語從句,因此不能用no matter what替換)
Some college students are seen doing whatever work they can find to support themselves.
(whatever引導(dǎo)賓語從句,不能用no matter what替換)