全力直擊英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：動(dòng)詞不定式

1 不定式作賓語(yǔ)

1) 動(dòng)詞+ 不定式

afford, aim, appear, agree, arrange, ask, be, decide, bother, care, choose, come, dare, demand, desire, determine, expect, elect, endeavor, hope, fail, happen, help, hesitate, learn, long, mean, manage, offer, ought, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wait, wish, undertake

The driver failed to see the other car in time.　司機(jī)沒(méi)能及時(shí)看見(jiàn)另一輛車。

I happen to know the answer to your question.　我碰巧知道你那道問(wèn)題的答案。

2) 動(dòng)詞+不定式；動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式

ask, beg, choose, expect, hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish

I like to keep everything tidy.　我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。

I like you to keep everything tidy.　我喜歡你使每件東西都保持整潔。

I want to speak to Tom.　 我想和湯姆談話。

I want you to speak to Tom.　 我想讓你和湯姆談話。

3) 動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+ to

decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell　　

Please show us how to do that. 請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥?p>There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can‘t make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。

注意

疑問(wèn)詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：The question is how to put it into practice. 問(wèn)題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。

2. 不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

1) 動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式(to do)

advise, allow, appoint, believe, cause, challenge, command, compel, consider, declare, drive, enable, encourage, find, forbid, force, guess, hire, imagine, impel, induce, inform, instruct, invite, judge, know, like, order, permit, persuade, remind, report, request, require, select, send, state, suppose, tell, think, train, trust, understand, urge, warn

a.Father will not allow us to play on the street.　父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠！?p>b.We believe him to be guilty. 我們相信他是有罪的。

Find 的特殊用法

Find 后可用分詞做賓補(bǔ)，或先加形式賓語(yǔ)，再加形容詞，最后加帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。find后也可帶一個(gè)從句。此類動(dòng)詞還有g(shù)et，have。

I found him lying on the ground.

I found it important to learn.

I found that to learn English is important.

典型例題

The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.　

A. lying　 B. lie　 C. lay　 D. laying　　A.find的賓語(yǔ)后面，用分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)，起賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作用�，F(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng)，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)。

2) to + be 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。

acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(聲稱), discover, fancy(設(shè)想), feel, find,　guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以為), understand 

We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。

典型例題

Charles Babbage is generally considered　___ the first computer.　

A. to invent　B. inventing　 C. to have invented　 D. having invented　 A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只說(shuō)明發(fā)明這一個(gè)事實(shí)，不定式后用原形即可。而C為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，發(fā)明為點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞一般不用完成時(shí)，且此處也不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，因此不選C。

3) to be +形容詞

seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean

The book is believed to be uninteresting.　人們認(rèn)為這本書(shū)沒(méi)什么意思。

4) there be+不定式

believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand

We didn‘t expect there to be so many people there. 我們沒(méi)料到會(huì)有那么多人在哪里。

注意

有些動(dòng)詞需用as 短語(yǔ)做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，如regard, think believe, take, consider.

We regard Tom as our best teacher.　我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。

Mary took him as her father .　瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。

3. 不定式作主語(yǔ)

1) It‘s easy (for me) to do that. 我做這事太容易了。

easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;

the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough

It‘s so nice to hear your voice.　聽(tīng)到你的聲音真高興。

It‘s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必要的。

2) It‘s very kind of you to help us. 他幫助我們，他真好。

kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)

It was silly of us to believe him.　我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。

It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.　他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。

注意

1) 其他系動(dòng)詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型

2) 不定式作為句子成分時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

3) 當(dāng)不定式作主語(yǔ)的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用It is… to…的句型

(對(duì))To see is to believe.　百聞不如一見(jiàn)。(錯(cuò))It is to believe to see.