初中英語(yǔ)主謂一致詳解及精練

   一、主謂一致三原則

　　主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。語(yǔ)法一致原則：指主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

　　Tom is a good student.

　　湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。

　　They often play football on the playground.

　　他們經(jīng)常在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。 意義一致：指主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：

　　My family are having lunch now.

　　我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。

　　Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.

　　這本書(shū)20美元太貴了。 就近一致：指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語(yǔ)。例如：

　　Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.

　　不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學(xué)生也喜歡踢足球。

　　There is a pen and some books on the desk.

　　課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書(shū)。

　　 二、 主謂一致�？碱}型

　　單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

　　The desk is Tom’s.

　　這張桌子是湯姆的。

　　Some water is in the bottle.

　　一些水在瓶子里。

　　The students are playing football on the playground.

　　這些學(xué)生正在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。 many a+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。例如：

　　Many a student has been to Shanghai.

　　許多學(xué)生到過(guò)上海。 more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。例如：

　　More than one student has ever been to Beijing.

　　不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過(guò)北京。 表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長(zhǎng)度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。例如：

　　Two months is a long holiday.

　　兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)假。

　　Tweney pounds isn’t so heavy.

　　2 0英鎊并不太重。

　　Ten miles isn’t a long distance.

　　1 0英里并不是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。

　　Five minus four is one.

　　5減4等于1。 主語(yǔ)是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：

　　Each boy and each girl has got a seat.

　　每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。

　　Every man and every woman is at work.

　　每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。

　　6. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：

　　One and a half hours is enough.

　　一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。

　　7. 動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：

　　To see is to believe

　　眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。

　　Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.

　　做眼睛保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。

　　8. a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：

　　A student or two has failed the exam.

　　一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。

　　9. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：

　　Mike with his father has been to England.

　　邁克同他的父親去過(guò)英格蘭。

　　Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football

　　邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。

　　10. 由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人，事物，或概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個(gè)人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個(gè)人或物。例如：

　　The writer and teacher is coming.

　　那位作家兼教師來(lái)了。(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人)

　　The writer and the teacher are coming.

　　作家和老師來(lái)了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人)

　　11. people,police等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，若指一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個(gè)具體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

　　People here are very friendly.

　　這兒的人很友好。

　　His family isn’t large.

　　他家的人不多。

　　My family all like watching TV.

　　我們一家人都喜歡看電視。

　　12. 不定代詞somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，例如：

　　Is everyone here today.

　　今天大家到齊了嗎？

　　Something is wrong with him.

　　他有毛病。

　　Nobody was in.

　　沒(méi)有人在家。

　　13. each,either,neither,another,the other 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：

　　Each of them has an English dictionary.

　　他們每人都有一本英語(yǔ)詞典。

　　Neither answer is correct.

　　兩個(gè)答案都不正確。

　　14. 以—s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式，如news,maths,physics等，例如：

　　No news is good news.

　　沒(méi)有消息就是好消息。

　　Maths is very popular in our class

　　在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受。

　　15. 由both…and…連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由or,either…or…，neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。例如

   Both his father and his mother are both teachers.

　　他的爸爸和媽媽都是老師。

　　Tom or Jack is wrong.

　　不是湯姆就是杰克錯(cuò)了。

　　Either this one or that one is ok.

　　這一個(gè)或那一個(gè)都行。

　　16. a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：

　　A number of famous people were invited to party.

　　許多名人都被邀請(qǐng)參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)。

　　The number of the students is over eight houndred.

　　我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)超過(guò)800人。

　　17. 當(dāng)kind of,pair of, glass of 等表示確定數(shù)量的名詞短語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)與kind,pair,glass等一致。例如：

　　This pair of shoes is Tom’s.

　　這雙鞋是湯姆的。

　　There are two glasses of wather on the table.

　　桌上有兩杯水。

　　18. the+形容詞表示一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式。例如：

　　The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.

　　窮人很快樂(lè)，富人卻過(guò)得不快樂(lè)。

　　The beautiful lives forever.

　　美是永存的。

　　19. 以here，there開(kāi)關(guān)的句子，若主語(yǔ)在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與臨近的主語(yǔ)一致。例如：

　　There is a book and three pens on the desk.

　　桌子上有一本書(shū)，三只鋼筆。

　　Here are some books and paper for you.

　　這是給你的書(shū)和紙。

　　 三、 主謂一致精練

　　Either Jane or Steven ____________________ watch TV now.

　　A. were B. is C. was D. are Two days ____________________enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.

　　A. isn’t B. is C. are’t D. are —How many lessons do you usually haver a day?

　　—Six lessons a day. And each of then __________45 minutes.

　　A. last B. lasts C. have D. are Neither Liping nor I __________ a basketball player.

　　A. am B. is C. be D. are There __________ many new words in lesson one,It is very easy.

　　A. is B. aren’t C. isn’t D. are

　　6. The number of the students in our school ____________________1200.

　　A. is B. are C. has D. have

　　7. Maths __________ my favourite subject.

　　A. be B. is C. am D. are

　　8. The boy with the two dogs __________ when the earthquake rocked the ciry.

　　A. were sleeping B. is sleeping

　　C. was sleeping D. are asle

　　9. Every one except Tom and John __________ there when the meeting began.

　　A. are B. is C. were D. was

　　10. That place is not interesting at all, __________ of us wants to go there.

　　A. Neither B. Both C. AllD. Some

　　11. Nobody but Jane __________ the secret.

　　A. know B. knows C. have know D. is

　　12. —What’s on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it?

　　—There __________ some eggs and cakes on it.

　　A. isB. are C. was D. were

　　13. This pair of glasses __________ mine.

　　A. areB. beC. isD. will be

　　14. Both Lily and Lucy __________ to the party yesterday.

　　A. invitedB. was invited

　　C. had invited D. were invirted

　　15. —Two months __________ quite a long time.

　　—Yes, I’m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.

　　A. is B. are C. wasD. were

　　16. In the city the old __________.

　　A. take good care of

　　B. are taken good care of

　　C. is taken good care of

　　D. are been taken good care of

　　17. His family __________ all very kind and friendly, His family __________ a happy one.

　　A. are,is B. is,isC. are,are D. is,are

　　18. The singer and the dancer __________ come to Beijing.

　　A. has B. haveC. areD. is

　　19. The children in this class each __________ a new school bag.

　　A. have B. hasC. has got D. are having

　　20. All but one __________ here just now.

　　A. is B. wasC. has been D. were

　　參考答案

　　1—5 BABAB 2—10 ABCDA

　　11—15 BBCBA 16—20 BABAD