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  三、容易混淆的形容詞:

  [考試說明] 熟練掌握形容詞作定語、表語及賓語補足語的用法;熟練掌握表示時間、地點、方式、程度、原因等疑問副詞的用法;熟練掌握形容詞、副詞比較等級的構(gòu)成和good、well、many、much等不規(guī)則變化;掌握little、far、ill、bad、badly等不規(guī)則變化;能熟練運用下列句型表示兩者(人或事物)和三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比較;初步掌握用much、little等副詞在用法上的區(qū)別。

any & some

  [誤] Have you got some money with you?

  [正] Have you got any money with you?

  [誤] Would you like any milk?

  [正] Would you like some milk?

  any和some意思是“一些”,用作定語,可修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。any多用于否定句和疑問句,some多用于肯定句。

  但如果說話人表示“請求,提議”或“希望得到肯定回答”的意義時,some也可用在疑問句中;some還可用于單數(shù)名詞前,表示未知或說話人不想特別說明的人、地、物等,意思是“某一,某個”。

  如果表示“任何,無論哪個”時,any可用在肯定句中。

  2. either & each & both & neither & every

  [誤] There are many flowers on either side of the street.

  [誤] There are many flowers on neither side of the street.

  [誤] There are many flowers on each sides of the street.

  [正] There are many flowers on both sides of the street.

  [正] There are many flowers on each side of the street.

  [誤] Every student has not finished their homework.

  [正] No student has finished their homework.

  either意思是“兩者之一的”,each意思是“任意一個的”,neither意思是“兩者都不的”,every強調(diào)整體,意思是“個個”。

  3. few/little & a few /a little

  [誤] Sorry, I have few money on me.

  [正] Sorry, I have little money on me.

  [誤] Her books are few.

  [正] She has few books.

  [誤] The work needs a few number of workers.

  [正] The work needs a small number of workers.

  [正] The work needs a few workers.

  few后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),little后跟不可數(shù)名詞,都表示“幾乎沒有”的否定性意思;a few和a little區(qū)別也在于前者跟可數(shù)名詞,后者跟不可數(shù)名詞,都表示“有幾個”的肯定性意思。

  4. no & not

  no意思是“沒有”,可以否定一切名詞,修飾不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)時等于not any,修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時等于not a/an;如果被修飾的名詞通常情況下只有一個,則用它的單數(shù)形式;不能用a、the、all、every等限制詞之前,而not可以。

  not意思是“不,不是”,可以否定一切動詞,修飾動詞。

  no more than意思是“不過,僅僅”,相當(dāng)于only,修飾“數(shù)量”詞,強調(diào)“少”的含義;not more than意思是“至多,不多于,不超過”,用于陳述事實;no more…than和not more…than多用于多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級。

  5. already & yet & still

  [誤] When we arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off yet.

  [正] When we arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off already.

  [正] When we arrived at the airport, the plane had already taken off.

  already意思是“已經(jīng)”,一般用于肯定句,常與完成時連用,常用于句中;yet意思是“已經(jīng),還”,一般用于否定句和疑問句,常用于句末;still意思是“仍然,還是”,強調(diào)動作在進行,主要用于肯定句,常用于句中。

  6. also & too & either & so & neither & nor

  [誤] My parents didn’t like swimming, nor did his.

  [正] My parents didn’t like swimming, neither did his.

  also用于肯定句,一般放在行為動詞之前、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、系動詞之后,too一般用于肯定句末,前面常用逗號;either一般用于否定句末,前面也用逗號;so置于句首,引起句子倒裝,表示前面所講的情況也適用于另一個人或物,具有否定的意思;so后的主語與前一句主語是同一個人或物時,后面的主謂不倒裝,表示“確實如此”;neither置于句首,引起句子倒裝,表示前面所講的情況不適用于另一個人或物,具有否定的意思;nor常與not連用,表示“也不”,neither和nor都可用來對前面的否定陳述加以補充,如果補充的成分否定的不是同一事物,同一內(nèi)容,就只能用nor,不可用neither;當(dāng)否定的并列分句有兩個以上時,只能用nor,因為neither只能指兩者中的一個,nor指三個以上的另一個。

  7. sometimes & sometime & some time & some times

  [誤] You can only keep the book for sometime.

  [正] You can only keep the book for some time.

  sometimes是頻度副詞,意思是“有時,不時”,常與一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時連用;sometime是副詞,意思是“在某個不確定的時間,在某個時候,某時”,可與將來時或過去時連用;some time是名詞詞組,意思是“一段時間”,做時間狀語,也可用作副詞詞組,用來指一個未肯定的時刻,常指將來,此時可與sometime通用;some times是名詞詞組,意思是“幾次,幾倍”。

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