［中考英語復(fù)習(xí)］：英語基本句型

五、主語—動詞—賓語—賓語補足語

在此句型中的動詞，叫做可以跟復(fù)合賓語的動詞，在英語中，這樣的動詞也不多。后面的賓語補足語是說明賓語的情況的，賓語和賓語補足語一起被稱做復(fù)合賓語。這個句式是英語中比較復(fù)雜的一個句式，因為復(fù)合賓語的構(gòu)成內(nèi)容較多。下面句子中劃線部分為賓語補足語。

1.He found his new job boring.(形容詞做賓補)

2.The called their daughter Mary.(名詞做賓補)

3.This placed her in a very difficult position.(介詞短語做賓補)

4.We went to here house but found her out.(副詞做賓補)

5.What do you advise me to do？(不定式做賓補)

6.We thought him to be an honest man.(tobe做賓補)

7.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做賓補)

8.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的進行式做賓補)

9.Did you notice him come in？(不帶to的不定式做賓補)

10.I saw her chatting with Nancy.(現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補)

11.He watched the piano carried upstairs.(過去分詞做賓補)

注意：在這個結(jié)構(gòu)中，可以出現(xiàn)用it做形式上的賓語，把真正的賓語放在賓語補足語的后面。在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語常常是動詞不定式或賓語從句。

1.He felt it his duty to mention this to her.

分析：it是形式賓語，hisduty是賓語補足語，to mention this to her是真正的賓語。

2.I think it best that you should stay with us.

分析：it是形式賓語，best是賓語補足語，that you should stay with us是真正的賓語。

注意：

1.習(xí)慣用語的使用

在英語中，有很多動詞習(xí)慣用語，在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中，要注意它們的使用，不必分析單獨每個詞的使用。

例：

We are short of money.(be short of中short做表語)

She is always making trouble for her friends.(trouble做make的賓語)

He has carried out our instructions to the letter.(our instructions做詞組carry out的賓語)

We are waiting for the rain to stop.(wait for后面的the rain是賓語，to stop是賓語補足語)

2.在英語中，大多數(shù)動詞既可以做及物動詞又可以做不及物動詞，而且還會有一些固定詞組，因此一個動詞可以用于幾種句型。

例：ask

①Did you ask the price？(直接接名詞做賓語)

②She asked them their names.(接雙賓語)

③I asked James to buy some bread.(接賓語加不定式做賓語補足語)

④I asked to speak to Fred.(接不定式做賓語)

⑤Didn‘t you ask him in？(在此句中和副詞in連用)

⑥He has asked for an interview with the President.(組成固定詞組ask for)

3.There be句型是一種特殊的句子，真正的主語在后面，含義為“有…”

①謂語動詞和主語保持一致：There is a television in the sitting room.

②有兩個或的主語時，動詞一般和最近的一個保持一致：There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.

③主語的后面有時有修飾語：There are a lot of difficulties facing us.There were many things to be done(此處也可以使用to do).

④謂語動詞be可以有時態(tài)的變化:There will be a concert in the park tonight.There was little change in him.

⑤謂語也可以有不定式構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語。

There used to be a cinema here.

There seems to be something the matter with her.

Is there going to be any activity tonight？

⑥there be句式變疑問句，把be提前；變翻譯疑問句也要借助there。

Is there any hope of getting the job？

There is nothing wrong with your watch，is there？

⑦there be句型中也可以使用諸如：live，follow，come，stand，sit，exist等不及物動詞：

Once upon a time，there lived a fisherman on the island.

There came a knock at the door.

At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.

⑧用于非謂語的情況下，有時用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)there to be或動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)there being：

You wouldn‘t want there to be another war.(不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))

The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework.(動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))

There being nothing else to do，we went home.(獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu))

■鞏固性練習(xí)

請判斷下列句子的結(jié)構(gòu)類型

1.He is running.

2.The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.

3.The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.

4.She seemed angry.

5.My father bought me a beautiful present.

6.Why do you keep your eyes closed？

7.Will you tell us an exciting story？

8.We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.

9.I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.

10.Can you push the window open？

1.主語-動詞

2.主語-動詞-賓語-補語

3.主語-動詞-賓語-賓語

4.主語-動詞表語

5.主語-動詞-賓語-賓語

6.主語-動詞-賓語-賓語

7.主語-動詞-賓語-補語

8.主語-動詞-賓語-補語

9.主語-動詞-賓語-補語

10.主語-動詞-賓語-補語