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中考英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)填空五要訣
一、打好詞匯基礎(chǔ)
這里的詞匯基礎(chǔ)不僅僅是指對(duì)所學(xué)單詞的讀音、拼寫(xiě)和意義的掌握，還要懂得常用單詞的前后搭配、近義詞辨析及短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別等。中考單填空題涉及到
(1) 常用詞的前后搭配。請(qǐng)看下面這道中考題
The earth is our home. We must ______it clean.
A. change
B. sweep
C. keep
D. build
答案是C，因?yàn)樵谶@幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞中能接“賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”的只有keep。
(2) 近義詞細(xì)微差別，特別是近義動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞的辨析。如�？嫉挠校簊pend, cost, pay, take; talk, speak, tell, say; borrow, lend, keep, use; take, bring, fetch; hope, wish, expect; start, begin; lie, lay; hear, listen, sound; see, look; beat, win, lose, fail; rise, raise, lift; forget, leave; sound, voice, noise; home, family, house, room; game, match; excuse, reason; large, big; good, well等等。請(qǐng)看下面這道中考題
The temperature was below zero. It was difficult to ______ the car.
A. move
B. get
C. begin
D. star
答案是D。溫度低與能否搬動(dòng)、移動(dòng)汽車(chē)，或者得到汽車(chē)均無(wú)關(guān)系，極易排除答案A和B；關(guān)鍵是區(qū)分begin和start，只要懂得使機(jī)器開(kāi)始運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)或發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的開(kāi)動(dòng)只能用start而不用begin，就可選出正確答案了D。
(3) 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的比較，特別是由get, look, take, put, turn, come, send等動(dòng)詞加up, down, for, to, on, after, in, out, off, away等介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。常考的有：get on / off / up / back; look at / for / after / up / out / like; put down / up / off / on / away; take off / up / down / away; turn off / on / up / down; send up / off / for; open up, made up; agree with, come up with等等。請(qǐng)看下面這道中考題
I didn’t go to the park with my classmates, because my mother asked me to ______ my little sister at home.
A. look after
B. look at
C. look for
D. look like
答案是A，由句子的意思可知母親叫我在叫“照看(look after)”妹妹。此題要求考生熟記各詞組的不同意思。
二、掌握基本語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
語(yǔ)法是譴詞造句的法則，掌握這些法則有助于正確說(shuō)話寫(xiě)文，也有肋于正確理解句子意思。所以語(yǔ)法對(duì)學(xué)好外語(yǔ)非常重要。中考試題中�？嫉恼Z(yǔ)法規(guī)則有
(1) 名詞：常見(jiàn)可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則；名詞的所有格，特別是有兩個(gè)并列名詞后的所有格；語(yǔ)境中名詞的選擇。
(2) 代詞：人稱(chēng)代詞主格和賓格的不同用法；形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的不同用法；something, anything, everybody, nobody, no one等復(fù)合不定代詞的用法；(a) few, (a) little, many, much, some, any等不定代詞的用法；either, neither, both, all等的用法；other, another, the other, others, else等詞的用法區(qū)別。
(3) 冠詞：定冠詞的用法，如表示特指時(shí)用the，在play后的樂(lè)器名詞前、序數(shù)詞和最高級(jí)前等均要用the；不定冠詞a和an的用法及其區(qū)別；不用冠詞的情況，如不是特指的動(dòng)名詞前不用冠詞，當(dāng)bed, table, hospital, school, church等表示其用途時(shí)前面不用冠詞；一些固定短語(yǔ)中冠詞的用法。
(4) 形容詞和副詞：形容詞和副詞的用法區(qū)別，如在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)或在名詞前作定語(yǔ)用形容詞，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或另一個(gè)副詞作狀語(yǔ)用副詞；形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法；how long, how soon, how often, how far等的區(qū)別；so和such的用法；enough的用法；在語(yǔ)境中選擇一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~或副詞。
(5) 介詞：重點(diǎn)考表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的on, in, at等的用法區(qū)別；另外by, near, with, without, as, for, to, between, among等介詞的用法也是�？嫉�。
(6) 動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may, must, need, have to, had better等的用法；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如在enjoy, finish等動(dòng)詞后只能接動(dòng)詞的ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，在decide, refuse, would like后只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，在forget, remember, stop, go on等后接不定式和接ing形式意義不同；句型：ask / tell / want sb(not) to do sth；let / make / let sb do sth；see / hear / watch / notice sb do sth和see / hear / watch / notice sb doing的區(qū)別。
(7) 連詞：并列連詞and, but, or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等；引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞when, after, before, until, while, as soon as等；引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞if, unless等；表示因果關(guān)系的連詞because, as, since, so, so / such…that…等；引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的連詞that, which, who, whom, whose等。
(8) 賓語(yǔ)從句：考查引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞if, whether; that; when, where, who, what, how等；語(yǔ)序；時(shí)態(tài)一致。
(9) 感嘆句和反意疑問(wèn)句。
(10) there be結(jié)構(gòu)和have / has的區(qū)別。
