句型變換復(fù)習(xí)·主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

句型變換復(fù)習(xí)·主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的差異主要體現(xiàn)在助動(dòng)詞be的變化上，同時(shí)助動(dòng)詞be還要在人稱和數(shù)上與主語(yǔ)保持一致。在將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可按以下三個(gè)步驟：a. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。b. 把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be＋過去分詞) ，并根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)以及原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定be的形式。c. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)，將主格改為賓格。在無(wú)須說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，by短語(yǔ)可以省略。例如：

All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory.

含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)將其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)仍保留在原處。一種情況是把間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)(指物)不變；另一種情況是把直接賓語(yǔ)(指物)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)不變，這時(shí),間接賓語(yǔ)前通常加介詞to，有時(shí)加for。例如

My father gave me a new book on my birthday.

→I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (間接賓語(yǔ)作了主語(yǔ))

→A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接賓語(yǔ)作了主語(yǔ))

含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來(lái)帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，to 仍要保留。例如

We can repair this watch in two days.

→This watch can be repaired in two days.

They should do it at once.

→It should be done at once.