主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法

一、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)概說(shuō)

英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)分主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成

Everybody likes him. 大家都喜歡他。 (主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

He is liked by everybody. 他受到大家的喜歡。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

二、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法

1.

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本方法

將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，將主動(dòng)謂語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)謂語(yǔ)(be+過(guò)去分詞)，將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)閎y短語(yǔ)(在被動(dòng)句中用作狀語(yǔ))

He broke the cup. → The cup was broken by him.

【注意】若不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的by短語(yǔ)通�？梢允÷�

He was born in 1986. 他生于1986年。

What is this flower called? 這種花叫什么花？

2.

雙賓動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

雙賓動(dòng)詞即指帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，它們?cè)谧優(yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，通常是把間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，而把直接賓語(yǔ)(指事物)保留下來(lái)(稱為保留賓語(yǔ))

He answered me that question. → I was answered that question by him.

有的動(dòng)詞則通常把直接賓語(yǔ)(指事物)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，而把間接賓語(yǔ)改為介詞to 或for引起的狀語(yǔ)(到底用to還是for，與所搭配的動(dòng)詞有關(guān))：

He wrote her a letter. → A letter was written to her. (與動(dòng)詞write搭配用介詞to)

She made him a new coat. → A new coat was made for him. (與動(dòng)詞make搭配用介詞for)

有時(shí)以上兩種方式均可用

He gave her some money. 他給她一些錢。

→ She was given some money. / Some money was given to him.

He bought her a watch. 他給她買了一塊表。

→ A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch.