中考英語完形填空考點(diǎn)聚焦及試題演練

　　“完形填空”題是一種旨在考查學(xué)生語法和詞匯知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的典型題型。它結(jié)合了單項(xiàng)選擇題和短文填空的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，既考查詞語搭配、近義詞辨異、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)和習(xí)慣用法等，又考查了邏輯推理和事理推斷能力。

　　“完形填空”題要求填入的詞主要有：

　　1. 語法結(jié)構(gòu)所要求的功能詞，如連接詞、連接代詞、連接副詞、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞等。

　　2. 具有語法變化的普通詞，如動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，名詞的數(shù)，代詞的格，形容詞和副詞的級(jí)等。

　　3. 固定搭配短語或詞組中的特定詞。

　　4. 同義詞、近義詞等易混淆詞。

　　5. 根據(jù)上、下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的確定詞。

　　可見，完形填空是一種綜合性較強(qiáng)的題型。它的突出特點(diǎn)是起點(diǎn)高、容量大。同學(xué)們只有具備了扎實(shí)的語言基本功、較好的閱讀能力及歸納判斷能力，才能適應(yīng)這一題型。

　　完形填空題的考查目的：

　　1. 考查同學(xué)們閱讀理解能力。

　　2. 考查同學(xué)們語法知識(shí)。

　　3. 考查同學(xué)們綜合運(yùn)用英語知識(shí)的水平和實(shí)踐能力。

　　【名師解難】

　　一、完形填空題的命題特點(diǎn)

　　完形填空題是通過閱讀考查學(xué)生語言知識(shí)及語言知識(shí) 綜合運(yùn)用能力的一種測試形式。命題人在一段難度適度的文章中留出10個(gè)空白，要求考生從所給的A, B, C, D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，使補(bǔ)足的短文意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。

　　完形填空是介于單項(xiàng)填空和閱讀理解之間的一種題型。可以說它是根據(jù)一篇文章所提供的情景進(jìn)行的選擇填空，也可以說它是在缺少個(gè)別單詞情況下的閱讀理解。完形填空既有對(duì)語法規(guī)則、習(xí)慣用法和詞語搭配的考查，又有對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的通篇理解。完形填空主要考查以下三個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容：

　　1、詞匯：

　　此類題目考查的內(nèi)容是：近義詞的區(qū)別，詞語的固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法。近幾年陜西省中考題中的完型填空題考查的詞匯類別涉及到名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞、介詞、連詞、形容詞、副詞和短語動(dòng)詞。

　　2、語法：

　　此類題目考查的是：各種語法規(guī)則在文章中的運(yùn)用。其中包括名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，介詞、數(shù)詞、代詞和連詞的用法，主謂一致，各種從句的用法等。

　　3、結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　此類題目考查的是：文章中間句子與句子之間，段落與段落之間，上文與下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系。

　　從設(shè)空的類型看可分為三個(gè)層次：

　　1、句子層次

　　2、句組層次

　　3、全篇層次

　　設(shè)空的難度，從句子層次到句組層次，再到全篇層次，依次增加。

　　分析近幾年陜西省的完形填空題，我們可以看出陜西省完形填空題的設(shè)空主要以句子層次為主，以句組層次為輔，幾乎沒有全篇層次題目。因此總體難度較低。

　　二、完形填空的解題技巧

　　前面我們已經(jīng)分析過，完形填空是在全面理解短文基礎(chǔ)上的選擇填空。因此做“完型填空”題應(yīng)遵循下列步驟：

　　1、通讀全文，了解大意

　　做這類題目是，首先應(yīng)該把文章通讀一遍，了解一下文章的大概內(nèi)容。千萬不要讀一句填一句，因?yàn)椤巴晷翁羁铡鳖}里所給的大多數(shù)選項(xiàng)填入單句后都可成立，但從全文看又不可取。例如：2002年北京海淀區(qū)中考試題中的完形填空題：

　　A hot dog is one of the most popular American foods. It was named after frankfurter, a German food.

　　You may hear “hot dog”1 in other ways. People sometimes say “hot dog” to express 2 . For example, a friend may ask 3 you would like to go to the cinema. You might say “Great! I would love to go.” Or, you could say, “4 ! I would love to go.”

　　People 5 use the expression to describe (描寫)someone who is a “show- off”, who tries to show everyone else how 6 he is. You often hear such 7 called a “hot dog”. He may be a baseball player, for example, who 8 the ball with one hand, making a (n) 9 catch seem more difficult. You know he is a hot dog because when he makes such a catch, he bows (鞠躬) to the crowd, hoping to win their 10 .

　　1. A. eaten B. used C. cooked D. picked

　　2. A. strength B. practice C. pleasure D. reply

　　3. A. if B. how C. when D. where

　　4. A. Hot dog B. Don’t worry C. Never mind D. Excuse me

　　5. A. ever B. also C. still D. yet

　　6. A. hopeful B. careful C. kind D. great

　　7. A. a dog B. a land C. a person D. an action

　　8. A. catches B. plays C. passes D. throws

　　9. A. hard B. funny C. exciting D. easy

　　10. A. thanks B. cheers C. medals D. matches

　　如果不看后面的文章內(nèi)容，短文的第一個(gè)題所給第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以填入空白處，不論是從語法的角度，還是從這個(gè)句子的意思完整的角度，都是能夠站得住腳的。但如果繼續(xù)看完這一段短文之后，你就會(huì)領(lǐng)悟到，“hot dog”在這里不是“被吃”，“被做”，“被拿”，而是“被使用”，只能選used。

　　有些同學(xué)一拿到“完形填空”題，就著手去填，填到最后，才發(fā)現(xiàn)所選答案語全文的意思不符，不得不在從頭開始。費(fèi)時(shí)又費(fèi)力，還不易做準(zhǔn)確，這種方法是不可取的。

　　2、瞻前顧后，逐步填空

　　了解文章大意之后，就可逐步填空。 一般來說，文章后面所給的選擇答案可分三類：一類是語法正確，而意思不對(duì)；另一類是意思正確，而語法錯(cuò)誤；第三類是語法正確，意思也正確。在選擇答案時(shí)，一定要考慮到上下文的意思，還要考慮到句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，習(xí)慣用法，固定搭配和詞類的功能，盡量使選出的答案及復(fù)合語法又符合原文的意思。

　　3、認(rèn)真復(fù)查，適當(dāng)調(diào)整

　　填空全部做完以后，應(yīng)把短文從頭到尾再讀一遍，檢查一下填空以后的文章是否連貫，情節(jié)是否合理，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確。一般來說，如果意思連貫，情節(jié)合理，語法結(jié)構(gòu)正確，就意味著選答沒有問題；如果發(fā)現(xiàn)個(gè)別填空使文章文理不通，語法結(jié)構(gòu)有問題，就說明選答不正確。對(duì)這樣的填空應(yīng)該認(rèn)真推敲，進(jìn)行調(diào)整。

　　【中考范例】

　　(2004年陜西省中考試題)

　　Once upon a time, some children were playing at seaside when they found a turtle(海龜). They began to beat the turtle. Just at that time, a young man came and said to them, “Stop!” The children ran 31 quickly. The turtle was very thankful and said, “Thanks for your kindness. I really would like 32 you to a wonderful palace now.”��

　　The young man rode on the back of the turtle and was taken to the secret palace in the sea. When he 33 the palace, he was very surprised and said to the turtle, “What a nice palace!” To thank him, the king of the turtles gave him 34 . He had never seen such a dinner before. He received a warm welcome there and was very 35 everything.

　　After dinner, the king of the turtles said, “I am going to give you two boxes, 36 you can open only one.” “You mustn’t open both. Don’t forget it!” the turtle warned him. “All right. I will open only one,” the young man promised(許諾). At this time, a large wave sent him out of the sea.

　　After he 37 , he opened the bigger one of the two boxes.38 the box was full of gold. “My God!” he cried. “I’m 39 now.” Then he thought, “Things in the other box must be expensive, too.” He could not wait any longer. He broke his promise and opened the other box. As soon as he opened it, he became an old man. His hair turned white. His face 40 an old man over eighty years old. It all happened in a moment. He was sorry for what he did, but it was too late.��

　　31. A. through B. away C. into D. out

　　32. A. wanting B. asking C. to let D. to invite

　　33. A. left for B. arrived on C. arrived at D. got away

　　34. A. a very big dinner B. a very poor dinner

　　C. a very bad dinner D. a very small dinner

　　35. A. pleased with B. strict in C. angry with D. sorry for

　　36. A. so B. or C. but D. as

　　37. A. went back to home B. was back home

　　C. went back to the sea D.was back the sea

　　38. A. To his surprising B. To one’s surprising

　　C. To one’s surprise D. To his surprise

　　39. A. a poor man B. a rich man

　　C. an old man D. a young man

　　40. A. liked B. felt like C. looked like D. looked

　　31. B 根據(jù)上下文判斷，那些孩子們應(yīng)該是跑走了。所以應(yīng)選away。

　　32. D would like 之后應(yīng)接不定式，年輕人就了海龜?shù)拿�，海龜�?yīng)是“邀請(qǐng)年輕人到宮殿去�！�

　　33. C 到達(dá)某個(gè)地方應(yīng)用arrived at。

　　34. A 按照邏輯，海龜國王要感謝他，必然設(shè)盛宴招待他。所以應(yīng)選a big dinner。

　　35. A 海龜國王盛情招待他，所以他對(duì)一切都滿意。pleased with everything表示的就是這個(gè)意思。

　　36. C 海龜國王給了他兩個(gè)盒子，但只準(zhǔn)他打開一個(gè)。這里有一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)選but。

　　37. B 年輕人在海里見到了海龜國王，得到了兩個(gè)盒子以后，應(yīng)該回家，而不是回到海里。而回家應(yīng)是went back home。

　　38. D 使他感到驚訝的是，用英語表示就是To his surprise。

　　39. B 他得到了金子，當(dāng)然應(yīng)該是a rich man。

　　40.C 由于貪心，他的頭發(fā)變白了，臉“看起來”像八十多歲的老頭。

　　從2004年的完形填空題來看，難度不大，全部題目都屬于句子層次。只要看懂了短文的意思，掌握了一些短語的固定搭配，再多做一些精選的練習(xí)，做好完形填空題是不難的。

　　【滿分演練】

　　(1)

　　A very new, young officer was at a railway station. He was on his way to visit his mother in 1 town. He wanted to telephone her to tell her the time of his train, 2 she could meet him at the 3 in her car. He looked at all his pockets, but 4 that he did not have the right money for the telephone, so he went on and looked 5 for someone to help him. At last an old soldier came by, and the young officer stopped him and said, “Can you change the money 6 me?”

　　“Wait a moment,” the soldier 7 , and he began to put his hand in his 8 “I’ll see whether I can help you.”

　　“Don’t you know how to speak to an officer?” the young officer said angrily “Now let’s 9 again, Can you change the money for me?”

　　“No, sir,” the old soldier answered 10 .

　　1.A.other B.the other C.another D.one

　　2.A.so B.so that C.because D.when

　　3.A.place B.station C.street D.stop

　　4.A.knew B.thought C.found D.found out

　　5.A.up B.down C.around D.into

　　6.A.to B.with C.for D.and

　　7.A.answered B.spoke C.told D.smiled

　　8.A.coat B.handbag C.wallet D.pocket

　　9.A.start B.to begin C.doing D.ask

　　10.A.easily B.fast C.happily D.quickly

　　(2)

　　One of Charlie Chaplin’s most famous films was “The Gold Rush” The film was set in California in the middle of the 1 century. At that time, gold was discovered in California and thousands of people 2 there to look for gold, so it became 3 as “the gold rush” People said gold could 4 be picked up by washing sand from the river in a pan of water. This was known as “panning for gold”

　　In the film, Chaplin and his friend are in California. So far, they have been 5 in their search for gold and have no money at all. They 6 in a snow storm in a small wooden house. They have 7 They are so hungry that they 8 a pair of shoes, by boiling them in a pan of water. Chaplin sits down 9 the table and eats the shoe. He makes it seem as if this is one of the 10 meals that he has ever enjoyed.

　　1.A.nineteen B.ninetieth C.nineteenth D.ninth

　　2.A.went B.left C.climb D.found

　　3.A.famous B.known C.wonderful D.great

　　4.A.hard B.easily C.difficulty D.slowly

　　5.A.unhappy B.unsuccessfully C.unlucky D.unluckily

　　6.A.have got B.meet C.are caught D.live

　　7.A.a little food B.some water C.nothing D.nothing to eat

　　8.A.wear B.cook C.make D.mend

　　9.A.at B.by C.near D.beside

　　10.A.biggest B.dearest C.cheapest D.most delicious

　　(3)

　　Once there was a boy in Toronto. His name was Jimmy. He started drawing when he was three years old, and when he was five he was already very ___1___ at it. He drew many beautiful interesting pictures, and many people ___2___ his pictures. They thought this boy was going to be ___3___ when he was a little older, and then they were going to ___4___ these pictures for a lot of money.

　　Jimmy's pictures were quite different from other ___5___ because he never drew on all of the paper. He drew on ___6___ of it, and the other half was always ___7___.

　　"That's very clever," everybody said. "___8___ other people have ever done that before."

　　One day somebody asked him, "Please tell me, Jimmy. Why do you draw on the bottom (底部) half of