動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
一. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作, 如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用。
表示時(shí)間段的短語(yǔ)有:for+一段時(shí)間,for 2 years; since從句,since he came here; since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)名詞,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。
例: He has lived here for 6 years.
You can keep the book for 5 days.
I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.
How long did you stay there last year?
二. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也稱(chēng)終止性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞, 表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作, 這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中與表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：two years ago; at 5 o‘clock
例: He died 5 years ago.
否定的終止性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例:
I haven‘t left here for 3 years.
I haven‘t heard from him for 3 weeks.
三. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+組織機(jī)構(gòu), be a member of+組織機(jī)構(gòu), open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out， put on→ wear；catch a cold →have a cold等。
例: The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. ---- It is 4 years since the old man died. ----Four years has passed since the old man died.
He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He has been in the Party for 2 years.
I bought the book 5 days ago. ---- I have had the book for 5 days.
例: He died 5 years ago.
否定的終止性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例:
I haven‘t left here for 3 years.
I haven‘t heard from him for 3 weeks.
I bought the book 5 days ago. ---- I have had the book for 5 days.
