在英語(yǔ)中恰當(dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)用倒裝可以起到強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)義或平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)。倒裝有全部倒裝和部分倒裝。全部倒裝是指將句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。部分倒裝是指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,則需添加助動(dòng)詞do,does或did等,并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前,F(xiàn)將倒裝句分類(lèi)講解
1. 以here,there,now,then等地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間副詞開(kāi)頭的句子,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be, come, go, remain等,而主語(yǔ)又是名詞時(shí),用全部倒裝。注意:如果句子的主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí),則不倒裝。如:Here comes the bus!/ Here it comes!
2. 有些動(dòng)詞與副詞out,in,up,down,away等構(gòu)成不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。為了使句子更生動(dòng),常將這些副詞提前到句首,這時(shí)用全部倒裝。注意:句子的主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí),則不倒裝。如:Up went the rocket. / Up it went.
3. 將表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)放在句首進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),使用全部倒裝。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為不及物動(dòng)詞。如: From the window came the sound of music.
4. 當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)部分較長(zhǎng),謂語(yǔ)部分較短,或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)句子的表語(yǔ)時(shí),常使用全部倒裝。句子的結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”。如: Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat.
5. if虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,如果將連詞if省略,需用部分倒裝。如:Were I you, I would go there.
6. as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝有如下幾種形式:
1) 從句的謂語(yǔ)部分為“不及物動(dòng)詞+副詞”時(shí),常將此副詞提前到從句句首。如:Hard as you try, you will not succeed.
2) 從句的謂語(yǔ)部分為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+不及物動(dòng)詞”時(shí),常將此動(dòng)詞提前到從句句首。如: Wait as you may, he will not see you.
3) 從句的謂語(yǔ)部分是“系動(dòng)詞+形容詞”時(shí),常將此表語(yǔ)形容詞提前到從句句首。如: Proud as the nobles are, they are afraid to see me.
4) 從句的謂語(yǔ)部分是“系動(dòng)詞+單數(shù)名詞”時(shí),則常將這個(gè)表語(yǔ)提前,但要省略名詞前的不定冠詞。如: Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong.
7. 具有(半)否定意義的詞或短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí),用部分倒裝。如:seldom, rarely, not, never, by no means, in no time, hardly...when, no sooner...than, not only...but also等。如: Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lessons.
8. “only+狀語(yǔ)”位于句首時(shí), 用部分倒裝。如:Only then did I know the importance of English.
9. so...that結(jié)構(gòu)中,有時(shí)要強(qiáng)調(diào)so所修飾的形容詞或副詞,常將so 連同它所修飾的形容詞或副詞一起提前放在句首。如: So bright was the moon that the flowers seem as bright as by day.
理論知識(shí)就這么多,重要的是要靠同學(xué)們多多練習(xí)和使用。