中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的用法

　　現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞主要差別在于：現(xiàn)在分詞表示“主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行”，過(guò)去分詞表示“被動(dòng)和完成”(不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞不表示被動(dòng)，只表示完成)。分詞可以有自己的狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或邏輯主語(yǔ)等�！�

　　表示伴隨

　　補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明

　　【例】 Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.

　　Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word.

　　The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.

　　Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.

　　He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother‘s illness.　　

　　分詞在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，使用何種分詞，要取決于分詞與句子主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系：主謂關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)賓或被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過(guò)去分詞�！　�

　　【例】 Not shavings enough hands, we turned to them for help.(we don‘t have enough hands)　　

　　Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us)

　　Inspired by Leifeng, the people in China worked very hard to achieve their modernization.

　　____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6)

　　A) Having believed  

　　B) Believing 

　　C) Believed 

　　D) Being believed

　　本句意思為：相信地球是平的，許多人擔(dān)心哥倫布會(huì)從邊上掉下去。許多人與相信之間是主謂關(guān)系，及分詞與主語(yǔ)之間為主謂關(guān)系�！　�

　　No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. (CET-4 1995, 6)

　　A)   performing  

　　B) performed  

　　C) to be performed  

　　D) being performed

　　本句中貝多芬的作品被反復(fù)表演，可見(jiàn)分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞，故答案為B.

　　____as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. (CET-4 1996,1)　　A) Being published B) Published C) Publishing D) To be published　　

　　2)“while ( when, once, until, if , though等連詞)＋分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)可以在分詞前加while，when, once, although, until, if等連詞�！　�

　　【例如】When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.

　　While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work.