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  7.3 不定式主語

  1) It‘s easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容易了

  easy, difficult,  hard,  important,  possible,  impossible, comfortable,  necessary,  better;  

  the first,  the next,   the last,  the best, too much,  too little,  not enough

  It‘s so nice to hear your voice.

  聽到你的聲音真高興。

  It‘s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

  當你不用車的時候,鎖車是有必要的。

  2) It‘s very kind of you to help us. 他幫助我們,他真好。

  Kind, nice,  stupid, rude,  clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly,  selfish(自私的)

  例句:

  It was silly of us to believe him. 我們真愚蠢,竟然相信了他。

  It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不給他們任何東西,這顯得太自私了。

  注意:1) 其他系動詞如,look,appear等也可用于此句型

  2) 不定式作為句子成分時,動詞用單數形式。

  3) 當不定式作主語的句子中又有一個不定式作表語時,不能用It is… to…的句型

  (對)To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見。

  (錯)It is to believe to see.

  7.4 It‘s for sb.和 It‘s of sb.

  1)for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點,表示客觀形式的形容詞,如easy, hard, difficult,  interesting, impossible等

  It‘s very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學兩門外語是很難的。

  2)of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

  It‘s very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我,你真是太好了。

  for 與of 的辨別方法

  用介詞后面的代詞作主語,用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語,造個句子。如果道理上通順用of,不通則用for。如

  You are nice. (通順,所以應用of)。

  He is hard. (人是困難的,不通,因此應用for。)

  7.5 不定式作表語

  不定式可放在be動詞后面,形成表語。例如

  My work is to clean the room every day.

  His dream is to be a doctor.

  7.6 不定式作定語

  不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后。例如

  I have a lot of work to do. 

  So he made some candles to give light.

  7.7 不定式作狀語

  1)目的狀語 

  To… only to (僅僅為了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)

  He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。

  I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我來僅僅是向你告別。

  2)作結果狀語,表事先沒有預料到的,要放在句子后面。

  What have I said to make you angry.

  He searched the room only to find nothing.

  3) 表原因

  I‘m glad to see you.

  典型例題

  The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___. 

  A. sit 

  B. sit on 

  C. be seat 

  D. be sat on

  答案:B. 如果不定式為不及物動詞,其后應有必要的介詞。當動詞與介詞連用時,常位于"形容詞+動詞不定式"結構的末尾

  7.8 用作介詞的to

  to 有兩種用法: 一為不定式+動詞原形; 一為介詞+名詞/動名詞, to 在下面的用法中是第二種,即to+ 名詞/動名詞

  admit to承認,confess to承認,

  be accustomed to 習慣于,  be used to 習慣于, stick to 堅持,turn to開始,著手于, devote oneself to 獻身于, be devoted to 致力于, look forward to 盼望,pay attention to 注意

  7.9 省to 的動詞不定式

  1) 情態(tài)動詞 ( 除ought 外,ought to)

  2) 使役動詞 let, have, make

  3) 感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補,省略to。

  注意:在被動語態(tài)中則to 不能省掉。

  I saw him dance.

  =He was seen to dance.

  The boss made them work the whole night.

  =They were made to work the whole night.

  4) would rather,had better

  5) Why… / why not…

  6) help 可帶to,也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth

  7) but和except:but前是動詞do時,后面出現的動詞用不帶to的動詞不定式。

  8) 由and, or和than連接的兩個不定式,第二個to 可以省去

  9) 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等詞后,可以省去to be: 

  He is supposed (to be) nice. 他應該是個好人。

  舉例

  He wants to move to France and marry the girl.

  He wants to do nothing but go out.

  比較:  He wants to do nothing but go out.

  He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.

  典型例題

  1)I usually go there by train. 

   Why not ___ by boat for a change? 

  A. to try going 

  B. trying to go 

  C. to try and go 

  D. try going  

  答案:D. why not 后面接不帶to 的不定式,因此選D。

  2) Paul doesn‘t have to be made ___. He always works hard. 

  A. learn 

  B. to learn 

  C. learned 

  D. learning

  答案:B. make后接不帶to 的動詞不定式,當其用于被動時,to 不可省略。

  7.10 動詞不定式的否定式

  Tell him not to shut the window… 

  She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走過的時候,她假裝沒看見。

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