名師指導：講解初三學生失分率最高的英語題

　　[ 考查內(nèi)容 ]

　　完形填空是初三學生失分率最高的題型之一。

　　完形填空集閱讀理解能力與語言運用能力考查于一體，考查內(nèi)容包括詞語辨析、詞的用法及搭配、語法、單句理解、語篇理解等。既考查學生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上，在一定語言情景下靈活運用詞匯、語法等基礎(chǔ)知識的能力，又考查學生的邏輯推理能力。完形填空題主要考查以下五個方面。

　　1.考查快速閱讀理解能力與技巧，尤其是邊讀邊猜和跳讀能力。

　　2.考查找準主題以及了解篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、理順文章的能力。

　　3.考查根據(jù)試題所給線索，捕捉相關(guān)信息，進行歸納、判斷、分析和推理能力。

　　4.考查學生是否具備熟練、扎實的詞匯和語法知識。

　　5.考查學生的文化背景知識和生活常識。

　　[ 實例解析 ]

　　As soon as he finished his homework, Eric jumped onto his bicycle and rode off in the direction of the beach. While he was 1 along, he thought about the whales (鯨魚). He hoped he would see them again today. After he got to the beach, Eric 2 his bicycle behind a bush so that no one could see it from the road. Then he ran down onto the sand. 3 it was only four in the afternoon, the sky was already growing dark. Eric frowned (皺眉). If it 4 , he wouldn‘t be able to see the whales because they would stay in deeper water. He hurried along the beach 5 the rocks. They were the best place to watch the whales from because of their 6 . Before Eric reached the rocks he felt a drop of water o his head. Oh no! he thought. Now the whales will stay in the deep water and I won‘t be able to 7 them! But just then he saw a large shape on the beach. It was a young whale! The whale had come too close to the shore (海岸) and got stuck (擱淺) on the 8 ! At first the whale didn‘t move at all and Eric thought it was 9 . Then he saw its tail move weakly. Eric turned and ran through the rain as fast as he could back to his bicycle. He had to get 10 ! Unless they got the whale back in the water soon, it would die and Eric couldn‘t let that happen.

　　1. A. riding B. running C. getting D. walking

　　2. A. sent B. hid C. took D. got

　　3. A. As B. Since C. Because D. Although

　　4. A. shone B. snowed C. rained D. blew

　　5. A. into B. off C. to D. from

　　6. A. length B. size C. height D. shape

　　7. A. watch B. kill C. catch D. save

　　8. A. soil B. beach C. grass D. water

　　9. A. dead B. pretty C. lovely D. alive

　　10. A. care B. water C. medicine D. help

　　(南京市2007年中考英語試題)

　　通讀全文后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)講述了一位愛觀察鯨魚的少年，在一個下雨的午后在海灘拯救擱淺的鯨魚的故事。

　　1.考查上下文語境。根據(jù)第一句中rode off這個詞組判斷他是邊騎車邊想有關(guān)鯨魚的事。故選A。

　　2.考查上下文語境和詞義辨析。根據(jù)這句中的目的狀語從句判斷(so that no one could see it from the road)，他應該是“藏”他的自行車。hide意思是“藏”。故選B。

　　3.考查轉(zhuǎn)折詞“although”。盡管才下午4點鐘，但天已變黑了。故選D。

　　4.考查上下文語境。直到下文中有一句：He felt a drop of water on his head, 我們才能確定答案。故選C。

　　5.屬于語法題�？疾楣潭ù钆鋒urry to。故選C。

　　小結(jié)：通過2007年的中考試題解析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)完形填空的考查已由單純的語法和詞匯知識類的考查逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)φZ篇的整體理解和對學生能力的考查。大多數(shù)題目所設的選項只從語法角度判斷都是正確的(如題1)，但聯(lián)系語篇內(nèi)容，則只有一個正確答案，重在考查對語篇上下文邏輯意義的理解及在情境中辨析詞義的能力。

　　[ 解題技巧 ]

　　1.通讀全文，把握大意。第一遍瀏覽全文，跳過一個個空格，力求對文章的整體有個大致的了解，切忌拿到題目就急于選答案。對全文不了解容易導致出錯，一定要通篇考慮。

　　2.精讀全文，各個擊破。第二遍逐句閱讀，先易后難，逐空試填，對四個被選項逐一進行分析、比較和篩選，從上下文、詞匯用法、常識、邏輯推理、習慣用法和搭配等方面綜合考慮。能確定的選項，暫時放一下，可能在下文中有提示。

　　3.復讀全文，查漏補缺。第三遍把所選答案代入原文復讀一遍，避免疏漏或錯誤。核查語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確，習慣用法和固定搭配是否有誤，故事情節(jié)是否完整，語意是否合理等。

　　請同學們試著用以上技巧完成6-10題。答案：

　　6.考查上下文語境。They, their指的是rocks巖石，由于巖石的高度，是他觀察鯨魚的最好地方。故選C。

　　7.考查上下文語境。Eric 到海邊就是為了看鯨魚的。故選A。

　　8.考查上下文語境。鯨魚擱淺應該在海灘。故選B。

　　9.考查上下文語境。從本句中the whale didn‘t move at all可知， Eric以為它死了。故選A。

　　10.考查上下文語境。從最后一句不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，Eric必須尋求幫助。故選D。

　　名師檔案：南京育英外國語學校初三英語教師，五次擔任畢業(yè)班英語教學工作，多年擔任英語教研組長，南京市優(yōu)秀青年教師，南京市教育學會外語專業(yè)委員會成員。