虛擬語(yǔ)氣-試題導(dǎo)解

試題導(dǎo)解        
1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______. 
A.breaks   B.has broken   C.were broken   D.had been broken 
解析：答案為C。本題考查的是as if 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)氣問(wèn)題，as if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句如果與事實(shí)一致，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如果與事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。題中“當(dāng)鉛筆的一部分浸在水中，鉛筆看上去好像斷了”。而實(shí)際上鉛筆并未斷，與事實(shí)相反，前半部分陳述是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因而本句是對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的虛擬，用were broken。
2. I didn‘t see your sister at the meeting. If she ___________, she would have met my brother. 
A.has come   B.did come   C.came   D.had come
解析：答案為D。本題考查的是if條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。題意是：我在會(huì)議上沒(méi)看到你姐姐，故你姐姐沒(méi)來(lái)。因此如果“她來(lái)了”與事實(shí)相反，前面一句交代了虛擬語(yǔ)氣的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的虛擬，所以if從句中用had+過(guò)去分詞。
3. —If he ___________, he ________that food.
—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. 
A.was warned; would not take
B.had been warned; would not have taken
C.would be warned; had not taken
D.would have been warned; had not taken
解析：答案為B。本題考查的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句與主句表示與事實(shí)相反時(shí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。根據(jù)下一句語(yǔ)境可知，他事先并沒(méi)有得到警告，表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故選B。
4. If there were no subjunctive, English ______ much easier.  
A.will be   B.would have been   C.could have been   D.would be
解析：觀察題干，可知全句表達(dá)的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。故答案為D。
5. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules.  
A.obeys   B.obey   C.will obey   D.would obey
解析：根據(jù)insist后的賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)要用(should) do形式規(guī)律，可定正確答案是B。
6. I wish I _____ you yesterday.
A.seen   B.did see   C.had seen   D.were to see
解析：此題表與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的原望，答案應(yīng)為C。
7. —— If he _____ , he _____ that food.
   —— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.  
A.was warned;would not take   B.had been warned;would not have taken
C.wuld be warned;had not taken   D.would have been warned;had not taken
解析：從對(duì)話看，是表達(dá)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故答案為B。
8. Without electricity human life _____ quite different today.  
 A.is   B.will be   C.would have been   D.would be
解析：without引出一個(gè)含蓄條件句，主句表述的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故答案為D。
9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it look as if it _____.  
A.breaks   B.has broken   C.were broken   D.had been broken
解析：放入水中的鉛筆看上去是斷的，但實(shí)際上并非如此，因此是與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，這時(shí)as if從句謂語(yǔ)要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故答案為C。
10. I didn he _____ , he would have said hello to me.
A.would come   B.had come   C.came   D.did come
解析：觀察題目上下文，特別是第二句的主句謂語(yǔ)為 would have said，可知if從句表述的是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望，因此答案為B。
11. _____ it _____ for your help, I couldn have made any progress.
A.Had;not been   B.Should;not be   C.Did;not be   D.Not;be
解析：根據(jù)主句謂語(yǔ)形式，可知從句要用had done形式，故應(yīng)選A，Had it not been for your help＝If it had not been for your help.（要不是你幫忙的話）
12. Mr Smith was badly ill, or he _____ our dinner party.
A.should come to   B.would have attended  
C.would come to   D.should have attended
解析：or可引導(dǎo)含蓄條件句，表達(dá)虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)此題內(nèi)容，可知是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故答案為B。
練習(xí)：                   
一． 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：
1.The boy isn’t hungry. If he ______ (be) hungry, he ______ (eat) the cake.
2.He’s been away since last Sunday. If he ______ (be) here yesterday, he ______ (attend) the concert.
3.I couldn’t keep away after twelve. If I ______ (work) all night, I ______ (finish) it in time.
4.We didn’t know her address. If we ______ (know) it, we ______ (send) a note to her.
5.You’re late. If you ______ (come) a few minutes earlier, you ______ (meet) the famous woman scientist.
6.He was careless. If he ______ (put) the gold watch in a safe place, he ______ (not 
   lose) it.
7.He isn’t here. If he ______ (be) here, he ______ (help) his sister learn to use the   abacus.
8.She _______ (be) busy now. If she _______ (be) free, she _______ (go) with you.
9.The manager _______ (be) in his office now. If he ________ (be) here, everything _______ (be) settled in a minute.
10.If I ________ (be) you, I _______ (not be) discouraged at all.
二．單項(xiàng)選擇
1.If I ________ your book, I’ll give it to you.
   A. will find   B. have found   C. find   D. finds
2. If I found your book, I ______ give it to you. 
  A. will B. had C. / D. would 
3. If he _______ the exam, he would fail it.
  A. would take  B. took  C. will take  D. takes 
4. What would you do if you ______ your passport in a foreign country. 
  A. will lose  B. lost  C. losses  D. would lose
5. If I invited Bill to the party, I _____ invite Linda too.
  A. would have to  B. would C. will have to D. will must
6. If we _______ go to the party next week, they would be very angry.
  A. don’t B can’t  C. have to D. dinn’t
7. ---Sahll I open all the windows?
  ---Yes, please, if you _______.
  A. shall  B. would C. can D. have to 
8. I don’t know _______, if he _______, I’ll tell you.
A. if he comes, will come
B. if he will come, comes 
C. whether she comes, comes 
D. whether she will come, comes 
9. I wish I ______ younger.
A. were   B. are   C. am   D. /  
10. Do you ever wish you ________?
A. can fly B. have flown C. could fly  D. would fly
參考答案
一．1. were, could/ would 2. had been, would have attended 3. had worked, would have finished 4. had known, would have sent 5. had come, would have met 6. had put, wouldn’t have lost 7. were, would help 8. is, were, would be 9. is, were, would be 10. were, should not be 
二．C D B B A D B B A C