虛擬語氣-試題導解

試題導解        
1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______. 
A.breaks   B.has broken   C.were broken   D.had been broken 
解析：答案為C。本題考查的是as if 引導的讓步狀語從句中的語氣問題，as if引導的狀語從句如果與事實一致，不用虛擬語氣，如果與事實相反，應用虛擬語氣。題中“當鉛筆的一部分浸在水中，鉛筆看上去好像斷了”。而實際上鉛筆并未斷，與事實相反，前半部分陳述是一般現(xiàn)在時，因而本句是對一般現(xiàn)在時的虛擬，用were broken。
2. I didn‘t see your sister at the meeting. If she ___________, she would have met my brother. 
A.has come   B.did come   C.came   D.had come
解析：答案為D。本題考查的是if條件句中的虛擬語氣。題意是：我在會議上沒看到你姐姐，故你姐姐沒來。因此如果“她來了”與事實相反，前面一句交代了虛擬語氣的時態(tài)是一般過去時的虛擬，所以if從句中用had+過去分詞。
3. —If he ___________, he ________that food.
—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. 
A.was warned; would not take
B.had been warned; would not have taken
C.would be warned; had not taken
D.would have been warned; had not taken
解析：答案為B。本題考查的是條件狀語從句與主句表示與事實相反時虛擬語氣的用法。根據(jù)下一句語境可知，他事先并沒有得到警告，表示過去時間的虛擬語氣，故選B。
4. If there were no subjunctive, English ______ much easier.  
A.will be   B.would have been   C.could have been   D.would be
解析：觀察題干，可知全句表達的是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣。故答案為D。
5. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules.  
A.obeys   B.obey   C.will obey   D.would obey
解析：根據(jù)insist后的賓語從句謂語要用(should) do形式規(guī)律，可定正確答案是B。
6. I wish I _____ you yesterday.
A.seen   B.did see   C.had seen   D.were to see
解析：此題表與過去事實相反的原望，答案應為C。
7. —— If he _____ , he _____ that food.
   —— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.  
A.was warned;would not take   B.had been warned;would not have taken
C.wuld be warned;had not taken   D.would have been warned;had not taken
解析：從對話看，是表達與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，故答案為B。
8. Without electricity human life _____ quite different today.  
 A.is   B.will be   C.would have been   D.would be
解析：without引出一個含蓄條件句，主句表述的是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣，故答案為D。
9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it look as if it _____.  
A.breaks   B.has broken   C.were broken   D.had been broken
解析：放入水中的鉛筆看上去是斷的，但實際上并非如此，因此是與現(xiàn)在的事實相反，這時as if從句謂語要用一般過去時，故答案為C。
10. I didn he _____ , he would have said hello to me.
A.would come   B.had come   C.came   D.did come
解析：觀察題目上下文，特別是第二句的主句謂語為 would have said，可知if從句表述的是與過去事實相反的愿望，因此答案為B。
11. _____ it _____ for your help, I couldn have made any progress.
A.Had;not been   B.Should;not be   C.Did;not be   D.Not;be
解析：根據(jù)主句謂語形式，可知從句要用had done形式，故應選A，Had it not been for your help＝If it had not been for your help.（要不是你幫忙的話）
12. Mr Smith was badly ill, or he _____ our dinner party.
A.should come to   B.would have attended  
C.would come to   D.should have attended
解析：or可引導含蓄條件句，表達虛擬語氣。根據(jù)此題內(nèi)容，可知是與過去事實相反的假設，故答案為B。
練習：                   
一． 用所給動詞的適當形式填空：
1.The boy isn’t hungry. If he ______ (be) hungry, he ______ (eat) the cake.
2.He’s been away since last Sunday. If he ______ (be) here yesterday, he ______ (attend) the concert.
3.I couldn’t keep away after twelve. If I ______ (work) all night, I ______ (finish) it in time.
4.We didn’t know her address. If we ______ (know) it, we ______ (send) a note to her.
5.You’re late. If you ______ (come) a few minutes earlier, you ______ (meet) the famous woman scientist.
6.He was careless. If he ______ (put) the gold watch in a safe place, he ______ (not 
   lose) it.
7.He isn’t here. If he ______ (be) here, he ______ (help) his sister learn to use the   abacus.
8.She _______ (be) busy now. If she _______ (be) free, she _______ (go) with you.
9.The manager _______ (be) in his office now. If he ________ (be) here, everything _______ (be) settled in a minute.
10.If I ________ (be) you, I _______ (not be) discouraged at all.
二．單項選擇
1.If I ________ your book, I’ll give it to you.
   A. will find   B. have found   C. find   D. finds
2. If I found your book, I ______ give it to you. 
  A. will B. had C. / D. would 
3. If he _______ the exam, he would fail it.
  A. would take  B. took  C. will take  D. takes 
4. What would you do if you ______ your passport in a foreign country. 
  A. will lose  B. lost  C. losses  D. would lose
5. If I invited Bill to the party, I _____ invite Linda too.
  A. would have to  B. would C. will have to D. will must
6. If we _______ go to the party next week, they would be very angry.
  A. don’t B can’t  C. have to D. dinn’t
7. ---Sahll I open all the windows?
  ---Yes, please, if you _______.
  A. shall  B. would C. can D. have to 
8. I don’t know _______, if he _______, I’ll tell you.
A. if he comes, will come
B. if he will come, comes 
C. whether she comes, comes 
D. whether she will come, comes 
9. I wish I ______ younger.
A. were   B. are   C. am   D. /  
10. Do you ever wish you ________?
A. can fly B. have flown C. could fly  D. would fly
參考答案
一．1. were, could/ would 2. had been, would have attended 3. had worked, would have finished 4. had known, would have sent 5. had come, would have met 6. had put, wouldn’t have lost 7. were, would help 8. is, were, would be 9. is, were, would be 10. were, should not be 
二．C D B B A D B B A C