中考英語：主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)專題復習

中考英語：主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)專題復習

   被動語態(tài)由“助動詞+及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的差異主要體現(xiàn)在助動詞be的變化上，同時助動詞be還要在人稱和數(shù)上與主語保持一致。在將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，可按以下三個步驟：a. 把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。b. 把謂語變成被動結構(be＋過去分詞) ，并根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定be的形式。c. 把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。在無須說明動作的執(zhí)行者或只強調(diào)動作的承受者時，by短語可以省略。例如：

　　All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people.

　　They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory.

　　含有雙賓語的主動句改為被動句時，應將其中一個賓語改為被動結構的主語，另一個賓語仍保留在原處。一種情況是把間接賓語(指人)變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語(指物)不變；另一種情況是把直接賓語(指物)變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語(指人)不變，這時,間接賓語前通常加介詞to，有時加for。例如：

　　My father gave me a new book on my birthday.

　　→I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (間接賓語作了主語)

　　→A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接賓語作了主語)

　　含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由“情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞”構成，原來帶to的情態(tài)動詞變成被動語態(tài)后，to 仍要保留。例如：

　　We can repair this watch in two days.

　　→This watch can be repaired in two days.

　　They should do it at once.

　　→It should be done at once.

　　練習

　　將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)：

　　1. We often sing this song.

　　_______________________________

　　2. He broke his leg in the match.

　　_______________________________

　　3. She will sell her house soon.

　　_______________________________

　　4. He is repairing the machine.

　　_______________________________

　　5. He has finished his work.

　　_______________________________

　　6. We call him Lao Wang.

　　_______________________________

　　7. We must do something to help her.

　　_______________________________

　　8. What did you say at the meeting?

　　_______________________________

　　9. He gave me some old magazines.

　　_______________________________

　　10. He told me to wait at the gate.

　　_______________________________

　　【參考答案】

　　1. This song is often sung.

　　2. His leg was broken in the match.

　　3. Her house will be sold soon.

　　4. The machine is being repaired.

　　5. His work has been finished.

　　6. He is called Lao Wang.

　　7. Something must be done to help her.

　　8. What was said at the meeting?

　　9. I was given some old magazines.

　　10. I was told to wait at the gate.