 |
 |
 |
 |
中考英語(yǔ)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專題復(fù)習(xí)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的差異主要體現(xiàn)在助動(dòng)詞be的變化上，同時(shí)助動(dòng)詞be還要在人稱和數(shù)上與主語(yǔ)保持一致。在將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可按以下三個(gè)步驟：a. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。b. 把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be＋過(guò)去分詞) ，并根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)以及原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定be的形式。c. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)，將主格改為賓格。在無(wú)須說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，by短語(yǔ)可以省略。例如：
All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory.
含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)將其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)仍保留在原處。一種情況是把間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)(指物)不變；另一種情況是把直接賓語(yǔ)(指物)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)不變，這時(shí),間接賓語(yǔ)前通常加介詞to，有時(shí)加for。例如：
My father gave me a new book on my birthday.
→I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (間接賓語(yǔ)作了主語(yǔ))
→A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接賓語(yǔ)作了主語(yǔ))
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來(lái)帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，to 仍要保留。例如：
We can repair this watch in two days.
→This watch can be repaired in two days.
They should do it at once.
→It should be done at once.
練習(xí)
將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
1. We often sing this song.
_______________________________
2. He broke his leg in the match.
_______________________________
3. She will sell her house soon.
_______________________________
4. He is repairing the machine.
_______________________________
5. He has finished his work.
_______________________________
6. We call him Lao Wang.
_______________________________
7. We must do something to help her.
_______________________________
8. What did you say at the meeting?
_______________________________
9. He gave me some old magazines.
_______________________________
10. He told me to wait at the gate.
_______________________________
【參考答案】
1. This song is often sung.
2. His leg was broken in the match.
3. Her house will be sold soon.
4. The machine is being repaired.
5. His work has been finished.
6. He is called Lao Wang.
7. Something must be done to help her.
8. What was said at the meeting?
9. I was given some old magazines.
10. I was told to wait at the gate.
