中考英語復習：數(shù)詞、冠詞

　　考點

　　1.不定冠詞a與an的用法

　　2.定冠詞the的用法

　　3."零"冠詞 (不用the)

　　4.基數(shù)詞的用法

　　5.序數(shù)詞的用法

　　一. 冠詞的用法

　　冠詞是虛詞，放在名詞之前，用來說明名詞指的人或事物。冠詞有兩種。

　　A(an)叫不定冠詞，the叫定冠詞。A用在輔音之前，an用在元音之前。

　　1. 不定冠詞的用法

　　(1) a和an均用在單數(shù)名詞之前，表示某一類人或事物。例如：

　　John is a student.

　　Mary is an English teacher.

　　(2) 指某一類人或事物中的任何一個。例如:

　　A steel worker makes steel.

　　Pass me an apple, please.

　　(3) 指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人或何物。例如：

　　A student wants to see you.

　　A girl is waiting for you outside.

　　(4) 表示“每一”的意思，相當于every。例如：

　　Take the medicine three times a day.

　　They go to see their parents once a week.

　　2. 定冠詞用法

　　(1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如：

　　The book on the desk is an English dictionary.

　　Beijing is the capital of China.

　　(2) 指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或事物。例如：

　　Open the door, please.

　　Jack is in the library.

　　(3) 上文提到過的人或事物。例如：

　　Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan.

　　(4) 表示世界上獨一無二的事物。例如：

　　The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

　　(5) 用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級之前。例如：

　　Shanghai is the biggest city in China.

　　January is the first month of the year.

　　(6) 用在某些形容詞之前，表示某一類人或事物。例如：

　　The nurse is kind to the sick.

　　We should take good care of the old.

　　(7) 用在某些專有名詞之前和某些習慣用語中。例如：

　　the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。

　　(8) 用在姓氏復數(shù)之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫婦”。例如：

　　the Browns, the whites等。

　　3. 不用冠詞的情況

　　(1) 某些專有名詞，抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。例如：

　　China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love等。

　　(2) 名詞前已有作定語用的this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代詞時，不用冠詞。例如：

　　That is my cap.

　　I have some questions.

　　Go down this street.

　　(3) 復數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時，不用冠詞。

　　They are workers.

　　We are students.

　　(4) 稱呼語前不用冠詞，表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞前也不加冠詞。例如：

　　I don’t feel well today, Mother.

　　Bush was made president of the U.S.

　　(5) 三餐飯的名稱前，球類活動，學科和節(jié)目名詞前，常不用冠詞。例如：

　　I have lunch at home.

　　He often plays football after class.

　　We have English and maths every day.

　　(6) 在某些固定詞組里，名詞之前常不用冠詞。例如：

　　By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school, on foot, from morning till night 等。

　　注意：

　　( 1) 如果月份，季節(jié)等一些不用冠詞的詞被一個定語修飾限制就用“the”.

　　It’s the winter of 1992.

　　(2)如果一些用冠詞“the”修飾的詞有一個定語限制，就不用“the”.

　　Today is Kate’s fifth birthday.

　　二. 數(shù)詞的用法

　　數(shù)詞分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞�；鶖�(shù)詞表示數(shù)目，序數(shù)詞表示順序。

　　1. 基數(shù)詞的用法

　　(1) 基數(shù)詞在句中主要用作主語、賓語、定語、表語、同位語，例如：

　　Thirty of them are Party members.(主語)

　　--- How many would you like?

　　--- Three ，please.(作賓語)

　　The nine boys are from Tianjin.(定語)

　　Six plus four is ten.(表語)

　　We four will go with you.(同位語)

　　(2) 表示一個具體數(shù)字時，hundred, thousand, million一律不用復數(shù);在表示一個不確定數(shù)字時則用復數(shù)。例如：

　　Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.

　　There are three thousand students in our school.

　　After the war, thousands of people became homeless.

　　Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.

　　They arrived in twos and threes.

　　(3) 表示“……十”的數(shù)詞的復數(shù)形式可用來表示人的歲數(shù)或年代，例如：

　　He is in his early thirties.

　　He died still in his forties.

　　This took place in 1930s.

　　(4) 表示時刻用基數(shù)詞。例如：

　　We get up at six.

　　The workers begin work at eight.

　　表示“幾點過幾分”，用介詞past,但須在半小時以內(nèi)。例如：

　　ten past ten,

　　a quarter past nine,

　　half past twelve

　　表示“幾點差幾分”用介詞to, 但分數(shù)須在半小時以上。例如：

　　twenty to nine,

　　five to eight,

　　a quarter to ten

　　表示“幾點幾分”還可直接用基數(shù)詞。例如：

　　seven fifteen,

　　eleven thirty,

　　nine twenty

　　2. 序數(shù)詞的用法

　　(1)序數(shù)詞主要用作定語，前面要加定冠詞，例如：

　　The first truck is carrying a foot baskets.

　　John lives on the fifteenth floor.

　　(2)序數(shù)詞有時前面可加不定冠詞來表示“再一”，“又一”這樣的意思，例如：

　　We‘ll have to do it a second time.

　　Shall I ask him a third time?

　　When I sat down，a fourth man rose to speak.

　　(3)由幾個序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞在拼寫時不對應(yīng)，很容易寫錯，應(yīng)特別注意。它們是：one---first, two---second, three---third, five---fifth, eight---eighth, nine---ninth, twelve---twelfth。

　　(4)表示年，月，日時，年用基數(shù)詞表示，日用序數(shù)詞表示。例如：

　　1949年十月一日讀作: October (the) first, nineteen sixty

　　2004年九月十日讀作：September (the) tenth, two thousand and four

　　(5)表示分數(shù)時，分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。分子大于1時，分母加-s。例如：

　　three fourths,

　　one second,

　　two fifths

　　(6)序數(shù)詞有時用縮寫形式：

　　first→1st second→2nd

　　third→3rd fourth→4th

　　twenty-second→22nd

　　( 7) 一些特殊用法(注意+s)

　　1)表示不確定的數(shù)目，數(shù)以….計

　　hundreds thousands/millions/billions of 數(shù)以百/千/千/百萬/十億計

　　2).在 二十世紀90年代in the 1990s

　　在…的50多歲 in one’s fifties

　　五分之二two fifths

　　數(shù)萬青少年tens of thousands of teenagers

　　【實例解析】

　　1.

　　About ________ students in our class can describe that place in English.

　　A. three-fifths B. three-fifth C. third-five D. third-fifths

　　答案：A。該題考查的是分數(shù)的表示法。分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。分子大于1時，分母應(yīng)加-s，因此應(yīng)選A。

　　2.

　　Nine _______ pounds a week? That’s very good.

　　A. hundred of B. hundreds of

　　C. hundreds D. hundred

　　答案：D。該題考查的是數(shù)詞的用法。Nine hundred是一個具體的數(shù)量，這是數(shù)詞不能用復數(shù)形式，后面也不能加of。所以應(yīng)選D。

　　3.

　　We often have sports after class, and I like to play _______ basketball.

　　A. a B. an C. the D. 不填

　　答案：D。該題考查的是冠詞的用法。球類運動之前不加冠詞，因此應(yīng)選D。

　　4.

　　This is _______ song I’ve told you about. Isn’t it _______ beautiful one?

　　A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the

　　答案：C。該題考查的是冠詞的用法。第一個空是特指，特指我給你說過的那首歌，第二個空是表示某一個類別。所以應(yīng)選C。

　　【中考演練】

　　一. .單項填空

　　1. This morning I had ________ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast.

　　A. an B. a C. the D./

　　2. ---What’s the matter with you?

　　---I caught ________ bad cold and had to stay in ________bed .( )

　　A. a;/ B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the

　　3. ---Have you seen _______ pen? I left it here this morning.( )

　　---Is it ________ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.( )

　　A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a

　　4. _______ sun is shining brightly.

　　A. A B. An C. The D. /

　　5. There is _______ “h” in the word hour.( )

　　A. a B. the C. an D./

　　6. Did you enjoy your stay in Xian?

　　Yes. I had _______ wonderful time.

　　A. a B. an C. the D. /

　　7. ______ sun is bigger than _______ earth.

　　A. A; the B. A; an C. The; an D. The; the

　　8. There is _______ apple and some pears on the table.

　　A. the B./ C. a D. an

　　9. David has _______ cat. It’s very nice.

　　A. a B. an C. the D./

　　10. I’m reading _______ novel. It is _______ interesting story.( )

　　A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an

　　11. It is said that SARS has killed more than ________ people worldwide.

　　A. three hundreds B. three hundreds’

　　C. three hundred’s D. three hundred

　　12. ---How many workers are there in your factory?

　　---There are two __________.

　　A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of

　　13. ---Which is the smallest number of the four?

　　---_______________.

　　A. Two-thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths

　　14. ---What do you think of a war, Li Ming?

　　---I’ve no idea. But it’s a fact that _______ people had to leave their hometown during the War on Iraq.( )

　　A. three thousands B. thousand of

　　C. thousands of D. several thousands

　　15. We all think that the _______ century will bring us more hopes.( )

　　A. twenty-first B. twentieth-first

　　C. twenty-one D. twentieth-one

　　16. ---Can you write the number eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six?

　　---Yes, it is __________.

　　A. 856620 B. 85626 C. 58662 D. 58626

　　17. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _________.( )

　　A. July 1, 1921 B. October 1, 1949

　　C. August 1, 1927 D. May 1, 1922

　　18. I was 8 years old when my father was 31. This year my father is twice my age. How old am I?( )

　　A. 21 B. 22 C. 23 D. 24

　　19. _______ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics.( )

　　A. Thousand B. Thousands

　　C. Thousand of D. Thousands of

　　20. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _______one.

　　A. three B. third C. forth D. /

　　一. 1.A 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.D 9.A 10.A 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.B

　　二、最佳選擇

　　1

　　( ) 1 There are ___ days in a year.

　　A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five

　　C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five

　　( ) 2 There are____ students in this school.

　　A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six

　　C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six

　　2

　　( ) 1 ______people visit this museum every day.

　　A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of

　　( ) 2 There are two___ people in the meeting room.

　　A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of

　　( ) 3 Every year ___ watch NBA on TV.

　　A. million people B. millions of people

　　C. millions people D. million of people

　　( ) 4 ____ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.

　　A. Thousands of B. Two thousands

　　C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of

　　( ) 5 Look! There are ___ in the sky.

　　A. thousand stars B. thousand of stars

　　C. thousands of stars D. thousands of star

　　3

　　( ) 1 My brother is in____.

　　A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One

　　C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one

　　( ) 2 We are going to learn___ this term.

　　A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six

　　( ) 3 Please turn to___. Let‘s read the text aloud.

　　A. Page Two B. the page two C. second page D. page second

　　4

　　( ) 1 We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this____.

　　A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five

　　B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five

　　C. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five

　　D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five

　　( ) 2 "The year 1999" should be read "The year____".

　　A. nineteen and ninety-nine

　　B. nineteen ninety-nine

　　C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine

　　D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine

　　5

　　( ) 1 He will come here ____ tomorrow morning.

　　A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two D. till tenth

　　( ) 2 Every day he begins to do his homework ___.

　　A. at ten past seven B. at seven pass ten

　　C. on ten past seventh D. until ten

　　( ) 3 He was doing some washing ____.

　　A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight

　　C. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning

　　6

　　( ) 1 He began to work there____.

　　A. on his fifty B. at age of fifty C. when he fifty D. in his fifties

　　( ) 2 They moved to Beij ing _

　　A. in 1980s B. in the 1980 ‘ C. in the 1980s D. on the 1980‘s

　　( ) 3 We all like the boy.

　　A. of ten years old B. ten-year-old C. at ten old D. of age of ten

　　( ) 4 She was ___ her early twenties when she went abroad.

　　A. at B. on C. of D: in

　　7

　　( ) 1 There are____ months in a year. December is the____month of the year.

　　A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth

　　C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth

　　( ) 2 During____ century, the world population has already reached 6 billion.

　　A. twenty B. the twentieth C. twentieth / D. the twenty

　　( ) 3 Sunday is the____ day of the week.

　　A. seventh B. first C. second D. third

　　( ) 4 Autumn is season in a year.

　　A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. the threeth

　　( ) 5 Tom was to get to school and I was ______.

　　A. first; ninth C. the first; the ninth

　　B. a first; a ninth D. the second; the nineth

　　8

　　( ) 1 -What‘s the date today?

　　-Its___.

　　A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th

　　( ) 2 Jenny was born

　　A. on July 10, 1987 B. in July 10, 1987

　　C. in 1987, July 10 D. on 1987, July 10

　　( ) 3 Monday is the second day, and_______.

　　A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifth

　　C. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday

　　9

　　( ) 1 About____ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese.

　　A. four-fifth B. four-fifths C. fourth-fifths D. fourths-fifth

　　( ) 2 ___ of the students are girls in our class.

　　A. Two three B. Two threes C. Two thirds D. Second three

　　( ) 3 ___ of the world‘s books and newspapers are written in English.

　　A. Three quarters B. Three quarter C. Thirds four D. Threes fourth

　　10

　　( ) 1 Tom is____ in the row.

　　A. a second B. the second C. two D. second

　　( ) 2 The girl wanted to sing____ song in English.

　　A. the others B. a second C. other D. the second

　　( ) 3 Now let me have____.

　　A. the third try B. a third try C. third try D. this third try

　　二、KEYS：

　　1. 1-2 C C

　　2. 1-5 D A B A C

　　3. 1-3 B D A

　　4. 1- 2 C B

　　5. 1-3 B A A

　　6. 1-4 D C A D

　　7. 1-5 B B B B C

　　8. 1-3 D A B

　　9. 1-3 B C A

　　10. 1-5 B B B