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  一.介詞at/ in /on .

  1.表示時(shí)間:

  1).表示某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn),某一時(shí)刻/ 年齡

  at six o’clock at noon at that time

  at the moment at the age of at night

  2)in表示時(shí)間段,一天的三個(gè)時(shí)間段以及月份,年,季節(jié),世紀(jì),人生的某個(gè)時(shí)期(某人幾十歲時(shí))

  in the morning/afternoon /evening

  in spring /in 2007/in March

  in the twenty-first century

  in his fifties

  3)on表示星期幾/某一具體的日子/具體某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三個(gè)時(shí)間段名詞前有修飾語或后有修飾語時(shí).

  On Monday on New Year’s Day

  on Sunday morning on a rainy night

  on the evening of April 1st ,2007

  2表地點(diǎn):

  1)at 一般指較小的地點(diǎn)或較具體的位置

  at the station at the cinema

  2)in 表示在較大的地點(diǎn)或一個(gè)有限空間里.

  in China in the classroom

  3)on 指在某物體的表面上.

  on the desk

  注意:

  寫街道時(shí),若有門牌號(hào)用at ,否則用on / in 都可.

  He lives at 270 DongChang’an Street.

  二.介詞in /on / to 表方位:

  1.in表示A地在B地范圍之內(nèi).(包含關(guān)系)

  Tanwan is ____ the southeast of China .

  2.on表示A,B地接壤.(外切關(guān)系)

  Hubei is ____ the north of Hunan .

  3.to表示A,B兩地有一定的間距.(外離關(guān)系)

  Japan is _____ the east of China .

  三. between / among 在……之間

  1.between :指兩者之間. 在…….之間.

  2.among :用于三者或三者以上人或物之間. 在……之中.

  You sit _____ him and me .

  The song is popular ______ the students.

  四.after / in 在……之后

  1. after

  1)after + 時(shí)間段. 表示以過去某一時(shí)刻為起點(diǎn)的一段時(shí)間之后, 用于過去時(shí).

  2)after 作介詞. after doing sth

  2.in +一段時(shí)間. 表示說話時(shí)或以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的將來一段時(shí)間之后.用于將來時(shí).

  He came back ______ two days .

  He will go home___finishing his homework .

  He will come back _____ two days .      |||

  五.with / in / by 表示 “用……”

  1.with 表示 “用…” 一般指有形的工具 / 手段 / 人體器官.

  He cut the apple into halves ____ a knife .

  注: with 表伴隨, “帶有,含有”

  He came in _____ a big smile on his face .

  2.in表示用某種語言,方式,途徑. 或書寫/繪畫所用的材料. 也可表交通方式.

  Can you say it _____English ?

  He wrote a letter ____ blue ink .

  3.by表示乘坐交通工具, 表示方式,方法

  I study for a test _____ working with a group .

  He makes a living ____ selling newspapers .

  注意: 同義詞組

  1).by phone = on the phone

  2).by car = in a car

  3).in pen = with a pen = with pens

  六.across / through / over / by 經(jīng)過

  1.across 指橫穿,穿過. 表示動(dòng)作從某一物體表面上經(jīng)過.

  2.through 指穿過,透過,表示從某一物體空間內(nèi)通過.

  3.over 表示從某人或某物的上空經(jīng)過或越過,不與表面接觸.

  4.by 表示從某人/某物的旁邊經(jīng)過.

  Can you swim ______ the river ?

  the elephant is so big that it can’t go _____ the gate .

  I don’t think anyone can jump ___ the fence.

  I walked _____ the bank of China yesterday .        |||

  七.in front of / in the front of

  1.in the front of 表示在…….內(nèi)部的前面

  2.in front of 表示在……外面的前面

  There is a desk in _____ front of our classroom .

  There is a big tree in _____ front of our classroom.

  八.其它介詞的用法:

  1.at的其它用法.

  1).表示 “從事或正在做某事”,其后加的名詞往往不加冠詞.

  She is at work now = She is working now .

  2)at表示 “價(jià)格或速度”

  The train ran at 120 kilometres an hour .

  2.in的其它用法:

  1)in表示 “在……方面”

  詞組:do well in = be good at

  be weak in

  2)in 表示 “穿著”后接表顏色的詞或衣服.

  詞組: be in +衣服 = be wearing +衣服

  3)in作副詞, “在家” = at home

  3.like 的用法:

  1).像/和……一樣. 常與系動(dòng)詞連用.

  詞組: look like sound like

  2).與what 連用, “是什么樣子, 怎樣”.

  What is he like ? He is kind .

  4.off的用法:

  1).從……下來, 脫離某物體.

  詞組: fall off

  2). “休假”通常放在時(shí)間名詞之后.

  詞組: have +時(shí)間+ off

  He hasn’t had a night off for two hours .

  5.except / besides

  1).except 除了…….之外, 都……. . 不包括在范圍之內(nèi).

  注: nothing but … 除了……之外,什么也沒有.

  2).besdies除了……之外,還有…… . 包括在范圍之內(nèi).

  We all went swimming ______ Lucy .

  There is _______ a letter in the box .

  We study Japanese and French____ English .

  6.with / without

  1).with具有,含有 -----反義詞: without 沒有

  詞組: with the help of = with one’s help =because of = thanks to

  without one’s help

  2).without 的用法:

  A).without + sb./ sth. 沒有某人或某物

  B).without + doing sth .

  He left here without____(say ) “Goodbye”to us

  C). without sth 常與if 引導(dǎo)的否定的條件句.

  If there is no water , we can’t live .= We can’t live ______ _______ .        |||

  7.on the tree /in the tree

  on the tree 表示 “樹上本身長的東西” 在樹上. 而in the tree 表示 “外界的物體進(jìn)入樹中” 人或物在樹上.

  There are some apples _____ the tree .

  There is a boy ____ the tree.

  8.since / for

  注: since / for 用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).

  1).since :

  a).since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)

  b). 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+ since +一般過去時(shí)

  c).since +一段時(shí)間+ ago.

  2)for: for +一段時(shí)間= since +一段時(shí)間+ ago

  9.be made +介詞的區(qū)別:

  be made of 由…制成 (看得見原材料)

  be made from由…制成 (看不見原材料)

  be made in +地點(diǎn) 由哪兒生產(chǎn)

  be made by sb. 由某人制造

  10.表示 “數(shù)量的介詞”

  about , round around over

  1). about , round around表示 “大約……”

  2).over 表示 “超過”= more than.

  11.inside / outside

  Inside 在……里面 ------反義詞:outside在….外面

  12.in the wall /on the wall

  in the wall 表示“門窗在墻上” on the wall 表示“某東西張貼或掛在墻上”

  九.不用介詞的情況:

  1).當(dāng)時(shí)間狀為: tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等時(shí),不用介詞.

  What are you going to do tonight ?

  2).含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等時(shí)間狀語.

  He went to Wuhan last week .

  3).以all 開頭的時(shí)間狀語前面不用介詞.

  He has worked all day .

  4).以some ,any, one 等構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語前不用介詞.

     
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