中考備考:短文改錯考點詳解及真題解析

　　一.中考英語短文改錯考點·非謂語動詞錯誤

　　非謂語動詞包括不定式、分詞、動名詞3種形式。如：

　　(1) In 1943 Jacques Coustean and his friend made it possible by invent the scuba machine. (杭州市中考題)

　　「說明」invent改為inventing，inventing是動名詞，作介詞by的賓語。

　　(2) Many people like travel by air， but Jim‘s family think that traveling by train is the best. (杭州市中考題)

　　「說明」travel改為to travel或traveling，不定式或動名詞作動詞like的動詞賓語。

　　(3) Many countries began look for ways to go into space. (廣元市中考題)

　　「說明」look改為looking或to look，不定式或動名詞作動詞began的動詞賓語

　　(4) School children walked with their shirts，coasts and anything else they could find pull up over their noses. (蘇州市中考題)

　　「說明」pull改為pulled，“with+賓語+動詞的過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語，with結(jié)構(gòu)中賓語與動詞之間是邏輯被動關(guān)系。

　　(5) The people of the desert have to keep move from place to place. (重慶市中考題)

　　「說明」move改為moving，keep doing sth有“繼續(xù)做某事”的意思。

　　二. 中考英語短文改錯考點·比較等級錯誤

　　(1) It is much cheap and far more enjoyable than a rushed trip by air. (杭州市中考題)

　　「說明」cheap改為 cheaper， much， far， still， a little， a bit修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級，加強語氣。

　　(2) They made people healthier and live long. (廣元市中考題)

　　「說明」long改為比較級形式longer，與healthier是平行結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　形容詞、副詞的誤用主要指形容詞，副詞的混用。

　　(3) Scientists wanted to see how good their bodies worked when they had different things.

　　「說明」good改為well，well作副詞，修飾動詞worked.

　　(4) By this time most people had a very well life. (廣元市中考題)

　　「說明」well改為good， good作形容詞，修飾名詞life.

　　三. 中考英語短文改錯考點·句法錯誤

　　(1) The world was known to man and the universe was not. (廣元市中考題)

　　「說明」根據(jù)行文邏輯，表示并列關(guān)系的and 應(yīng)改為表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but.

　　(2) Coustean was very interested in diving deep into the sea， but wanted to be an explorer. (杭州市中考題)

　　「說明」根據(jù)行文邏輯，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but 應(yīng)改為表示并列關(guān)系的and.

　　(3) They would never refuse to help people in trouble， but they would give them food and water. (重慶市中考題)

　　「說明」根據(jù)行文邏輯，表示表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but 應(yīng)改為表示并列關(guān)系的and.

　　(4) He has been to many interesting places in Beijing， and he has not yet been to many other parts of China. (杭州市中考題)

　　「說明」根據(jù)行文邏輯，表示并列關(guān)系的and 應(yīng)改為表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but.

　　(5) “So something must be done to keep the air nice or clean，” said the scientists. (蘇州市中考題)

　　「說明」根據(jù)行文邏輯，表示選擇關(guān)系的or 應(yīng)改為表示并列關(guān)系的and.

　　(6) “ I know only a chicken is too little for a king‘s evening meal. But I have brought a wolf for you besides the chicken.” (郴州市中考題)

　　「說明」根據(jù)行文邏輯，表示表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的But 應(yīng)改為表示因果關(guān)系的So.

　　這類錯誤考查句子與句子之間的關(guān)系。連接詞的使用錯誤往往會使句子的邏輯關(guān)系發(fā)生改變，甚至造成句子的語義邏輯混亂。要想把這類錯誤糾正出來，需要考生對上下文有總體的理解，頭腦中有個大概的框架。如：

　　(1) They had a wonderful train ride to Chengdu after they went on to Mount Emei by bus. (杭州市中考題)

　　「說明」根據(jù)句子的意思將after改為before，表示“他們坐汽車去峨眉山之前，愉快地坐火車先到了成都”。

　　(2) The result is that they eat a light breakfast， they will work better. (鎮(zhèn)江市中考題)

　　「說明」在 that 后增加if 或when .在表語從句that if / when they eat a light breakfast， they will work better中，包含有if或when引導的狀語從句，修飾句子they will work better.句子翻譯成：(實驗) 結(jié)果是如果他們少量地吃點早餐，會工作得更出色。

　　(3) It‘s different from how people think. (鎮(zhèn)江市中考題)

　　「說明」將how 改為what，what people think是一個賓語從句，疑問代詞what在從句中充當賓語，有“……的”之意。

　　四. 中考英語短文改錯考點·時態(tài)與語態(tài)錯誤

　　時態(tài)錯誤幾乎是短文改錯中必設(shè)的改錯題類。要有目的地去檢查文中的每一個謂語動詞的時態(tài)與上下文、語境以及該句的時間狀語是否相符和一致。如：

　　(1) “You are my younger brother. You had it at first.” (郴州市中考題)

　　「說明」had 改為have，因為這是一個一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的句子。

　　(2) Last week he goes to Mount Emei in Sichuan Province with his family. (杭州市中考題)

　　「說明」goes改為went，與一般過去時態(tài)的時間狀語last week保持一致。

　　(3) Not too long ago， people can‘t go scuba diving on Hainan Island， or anywhere else. (杭州市中考題)

　　「說明」can‘t 改為couldn’t，與一般過去時態(tài)的時間狀語not too long ago保持一致。

　　漢語表達習慣上有時不加“被”字也能表示被動意義，因而有些考生對被動語態(tài)不敏感。如：

　　(1) “Many thousands of trees must be plant every year，” he said. (安徽省中考題)

　　「說明」plant改為planted，構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。

　　(2) “Sand can be sweeping into the air when there is a drought…” (蘇州市中考題)

　　「說明」sweeping改為swept，構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。

　　(3) He also was liked to make videos.

　　「說明」將was刪去，因為這不是一個被動句。

　　五. 中考英語短文改錯考點·一致性錯誤

　　句子的主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上不一致是改錯題型中最為常見的。如：

　　(1) This were because there was no machine allowing a person to breathe under water for a long time. (杭州市中考題)

　　「說明」指示代詞this作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，因此將were改為was.

　　(2) The desert people is friendly. (重慶市中考題)

　　「說明」people作主語時，謂語動詞必須用復數(shù)，因此將is改為are.

　　名詞的單、復數(shù)與其修飾詞語或上下文不一致也是中考常設(shè)的改錯題。做這類題目時要注意名詞是否與其修飾語一致。如：

　　(1) The animals are useful to the desert people in many way. (重慶市中考題)

　　「說明」名詞way改為ways，與前面的修飾詞many一致。

　　(2) As he explored the sea， he took pictures and videos of many thing that people had never seen before. (杭州市中考題)

　　「說明」thing改為things，與前面的修飾詞many一致。

　　有的名詞一般不用復數(shù)形式，但受到某些量詞，如many， several， a number of， a variety of等修飾時，要變成復數(shù)形式。

　　(3) They were given kinds of breakfast， and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. (鎮(zhèn)江市中考題)

　　「說明」修飾語kinds of常修飾復數(shù)名詞，所以breakfast應(yīng)改為breakfasts.

　　表示事物類別時，名詞用復數(shù)形式。

　　(4) School child walked with their shirts， coats and anything else they could find pulled up over their nose. (蘇州市中考題)

　　「說明」child改為children，表示名詞類別“學生”;nose改成noses，與限定詞their保持一致。

　　(5) The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over disease. (廣元市中考題)

　　「說明」disease改為diseases，表示名詞類別“疾病”。

　　(1) Too many trees have been cut this years. (蘇州市中考題)

　　「說明」this改為these， 與后面的復數(shù)名詞years保持一致。

　　(2) They use camels for carrying water， food， tents and another things. (重慶市中考題)

　　「說明」another改為other， 因為another常修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。

　　代詞的主要功能是指代前面出現(xiàn)過的名詞、詞組或一個意群，因此代詞一定要同它所指代的詞在單復數(shù)、格或人稱上保持一致，這是代詞改錯的核心。

　　(3) He bought a ship and used them to explore under the sea. (杭州市中考題)

　　「說明」them改為it，指代前面的單數(shù)名詞a ship.

　　六. 　中考英語短文改錯考點·固定搭配錯誤

　　(1) When there is not more food for their animals， they move to another place. (重慶市中考題)

　　「說明」not改為no， 固定詞組no more表示“不再……”的意思。

　　(2) It‘s because you become very hungry at noon that you eat too much for lunch. (鎮(zhèn)江市中考題)

　　「說明」very改為so，so+形容詞 / 副詞+that結(jié)果狀語從句。

　　(3) This was because there was no machine allowing a person to breathe under water for long time. (杭州市中考題)

　　「說明」for long time改為for a long time，表示“一段時間”。

　　(4) Coustean was very interested on diving deep into the sea， …

　　「說明」on改為 in，固定詞組be interested in…表示“在……(方面)有興趣”。這是一個介詞(固定搭配) 方面的錯誤，介詞的誤用主要指介詞與動詞、形容詞、名詞的搭配、介詞慣用詞組等方面產(chǎn)生的錯誤。如：

　　(5) On my way home， I found an old man walking in the front of me. (婁底市中考題)

　　「說明」介詞短語in the front of 表示“在……的前部”，而in front of 則表示“在……的前面”。

　　(6) We visited him at his workplace between the young trees and asked him about his work. (安徽省中考題)

　　「說明」between改為among， between表示“兩者之間”， 而among則表示“三者或三者以上之中”。

　　(7) And he ran slowly that he couldn‘t catch it. (婁底市中考題)

　　「說明」在ran與slowly兩詞之間加so.