2013中考備考：英語習(xí)慣用語

　　中考英語常見習(xí)慣用語:知識(shí)概要——由于英語國家的語言習(xí)慣與中國的語言習(xí)慣有許多不同之處,所以造成了許多同學(xué)在做選擇或書寫,或與人交談中造成誤用中國方式來對(duì)英語的問句作解答。例如一個(gè)小女孩十分好看,可愛,外國人見到時(shí)會(huì)講: You are so beautiful 這時(shí)的答語應(yīng)該是 Thank you 如果外國人發(fā)現(xiàn)你的英語不錯(cuò),他們會(huì)講: Your English is very good 這時(shí)中國人常常會(huì)說:不,我說的不好。這純是一種禮貌的答語,但是不符合英語習(xí)慣。它正確的答語應(yīng)是 Thank you 雖然交際英語有一些規(guī)律可講,但更重要的是學(xué)習(xí)外國的生活習(xí)慣,了解他們的文化背景,歷史淵源,這樣才能真正的學(xué)好一門外語。

　　正誤辨析

　　[誤] - What can I do for you?

　　- Yes, please help me

　　[正] - What can I do for you?

　　- I‘d like to buy a sweater

　　[析] What can I do for you? 這一問語實(shí)際上用于的情景很多,要根據(jù)具體情況而定。如在商店中售貨員講這句話應(yīng)譯為:您想要點(diǎn)什么?在其他場(chǎng)合也可以被譯為:我能為您做些什么?它的答語應(yīng)是直接講出想讓對(duì)方提供的幫助。

　　[誤] - Which colour do you like?

　　- Sorry, I don’t like

　　[正] - Which colour do you like?

　　- I prefer blue

　　[析] 由 which 來提問的問句是要回答具體的選擇,而不能泛指,泛泛的回答。如 Yes, I like it

　　[誤] Do you like to come with us tonight?

　　[正] Would you like to come with us tonight?

　　[析] Do you like … 問的是對(duì)方的習(xí)慣,如: Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 則是一次性的邀請(qǐng)、提議。邀請(qǐng)的英語表達(dá)法還有如下幾種:

　　Shall we go? 我們走吧!

　　Let‘s go? 讓我們走吧!

　　How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何?

　　What about a cup of coffee喝杯咖啡如何?

　　Why not buy it? 為什么不買呢?

　　其肯定答語一般為Certainly, Yes, O.K. All right, With pleasure

　　[誤] - What‘s the problem?

　　- I’ve got a headache

　　[正] What‘s wrong with you?

　　I’ve got a headache

　　[析] What‘s wrong with you? 是詢問對(duì)方身體狀態(tài)如何,而 What’s the problem?是問對(duì)方遇到了什么麻煩。

　　[誤] - Now, I‘m back Can I play?

　　- Perhaps You’d better do your homework first

　　[正] - Now, I‘m back Can I play?

　　- I’m afraid not You‘d better do your homework first

　　[析] Perhaps 是表示對(duì)一種拿不準(zhǔn)的事態(tài)的推論,如: Am I right? Perhaps而 I’m afraid not 則表達(dá)一種不同意的態(tài)度。 be afraid 的幾種用法有:

　　I‘m afraid that you are right

　　其后直接加賓語從句。

　　- Will you come to my birthday party?

　　- I’m afraid not I have to go to see my father He is in hospital

　　其后+not,表示否定。

　　- Sorry, I don‘t want to go there alone, I’m afraid of the dog

　　其后+名詞,表示對(duì)某人,某物的害怕。

　　Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam

　　其后+ of + 動(dòng)名詞,表示害怕做某事。

　　Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn‘t do well in the exam

　　其后+ 不定式,表示不敢去做某事。

　　[誤] - How soon will you be ready?

　　- Two days

　　[正] - How soon will you be ready?

　　- In two days

　　[析] 此題關(guān)鍵是要根據(jù)情景,身臨其境,要注意的是對(duì)方問了什么,就應(yīng)答什么�；虼鹆耸裁淳蛻�(yīng)問什么。 How soon 問的是“還有多久才能作完”,這時(shí)要用 in two days, 即在兩小時(shí)之內(nèi)即可以作完。如用 How long 提問,則答語可以用 two days。

　　[誤] - Would you mind if I have some time off?

　　- I don’t mind

　　- Monday and Tuesday of next week

　　[正] - Would you mind if I have some time off?

　　- When exactly

　　- Monday and Tuesday of next week

　　[析] 有的對(duì)話是復(fù)雜的,稍有不慎就有可能選錯(cuò),而且英語中如選錯(cuò)了答案是不容易找出錯(cuò)來的。 I don‘t mind 是可以用來回答 Would you mind…這一提問的,但如仔細(xì)看一看則會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們要選用的不是陳述句而是疑問句。根據(jù)下面一句的答語來判定要用 when exactly? 什么時(shí)間,這樣才能與下句中具體的時(shí)間相符合。

　　[誤] Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be “Who are you?“

　　[正] Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be “Hello? This is Tom speaking?”

　　[析] 在英語學(xué)習(xí)中,習(xí)慣用法實(shí)際上在某種情況,或某種意義上講比語法更為重要。如果只從句子的角度上去分析,它們可能都是對(duì)的。比如,當(dāng)你拿起電話時(shí),如果你想知道對(duì)方是誰,可以問“Who’s that(speaking)?”但不要講“Who are you?”如果你想先介紹一下自己可以講“This is ×××× speaking”而不要講“I‘m ××××”也不要講“My name is ×××××.” 就語法而論,“Who are you?” “I’m ××××”“My name is ×××××”并不錯(cuò),也是英語中可用的句子,但就打電話這一場(chǎng)合,就不宜用了。

　　[誤] - Do you think it‘s going to rain over the weekend?

　　- I don’t hope so

　　[正] - Do you think it‘s going to rain over the weekend?

　　- I hope not

　　[析] 由于初學(xué)者對(duì)實(shí)際英語口語中表達(dá)感情意愿的答語不熟悉,如在肯定答語中 I think so I hope soI believe so 是相同的,但在否定句中卻常用 I don’t think so 但I(xiàn) don‘t believe so 和 I don’t hope so 則意為:我不信此事和我不希望此事發(fā)生。而 I believe not 和 I hope not 則為:我想可能不會(huì)發(fā)生吧!

　　[誤] - Is anybody there?

　　- No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave

　　[正] - Is everybody there?

　　- No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave

　　[析] 許多學(xué)生在寫作和選擇答語或問句時(shí)總要語法在前,而不是習(xí)慣用語在先。所以總是要拘泥疑問句中的不定代詞,用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英語中為:這里有人嗎?而Is everybody there?為:全都到齊了嗎?所以首先要考慮的是其答語。 No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave

　　[誤] - Your handwriting is very good!

　　- No, my handwriting is very poor

　　[正] - Your handwriting is very good!

　　- Thank you

　　[析] 中國人遇到別人稱贊,總是以謙遜為美德。但英美人則往往認(rèn)為自信是美德。所以當(dāng)別人夸獎(jiǎng)你或贊美你時(shí),就應(yīng)說: Thank you 又比如中國人見面時(shí)常講 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人則認(rèn)為你過多的干預(yù)別人的私生活了。而他們見面時(shí)往往問一些無關(guān)緊要的話,如: Hello! How are you going? (你過得怎樣) Morning! 等。而 good morning 和 How do you do 則被認(rèn)為是較正規(guī)的問候語,在日常生活中則十分少見。

　　[誤] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: “Excuse me I‘ll go first”

　　[正] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: “Excuse me I have to go”

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