2019年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)：名詞

專有名詞

普通名詞

國(guó)名，地名人名，團(tuán)體機(jī)構(gòu)名稱

可數(shù)名詞

不可數(shù)名詞

個(gè)體名詞

集體名詞

抽象名詞

物質(zhì)名詞

規(guī)則

例詞

1

一般情況在詞尾加-s

map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days

2

以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es

class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes

3

以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞

變-f和-fe為v再加-es

leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives

加-s

belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs

4

以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加-es

party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities

5

以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，或?qū)Ｓ忻~以y結(jié)尾的，加-s

toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys

6

以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞

一般加-es

hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes

不少外來(lái)詞加-s

piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos

兩者皆可

zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos

7

以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-s

radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos

8

以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-s

truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,

規(guī)則

例詞

1

改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式

man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice

2

單復(fù)數(shù)相同

sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,

3

只有復(fù)數(shù)形式

ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents

4

一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)

people, police, cattle, staff

5

部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成員）

audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party

6

復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義

customs(海關(guān)), forces(軍隊(duì)), times(時(shí)代), spirits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報(bào)紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟)

7

表示“某國(guó)人”

加-s

Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans

單復(fù)數(shù)同形

Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese

以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-women

Englishmen, Frenchwomen

8

合成名詞

將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)

sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends

無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)

grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches

將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)

women singers, men servants

單數(shù)名詞在末尾加’s

the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo,

復(fù)數(shù)名詞

一般在末尾加’

the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother,

不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加’s

the children’s toys, women’s rights,

以s結(jié)尾的人名所有格加’s或者’

Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house

表示各自的所有關(guān)系時(shí),各名詞末尾均須加’s

Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes

表示共有的所有關(guān)系時(shí)在最后一詞末加’s

Japan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father

表示＂某人家＂＂店鋪＂，所有格后名詞省略

the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s

１

表示時(shí)間

today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday

2

表示自然現(xiàn)象

the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches

3

表示國(guó)家城市等地方的名詞

the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s industry

4

表示工作群體

the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory

5

表示度量衡及價(jià)值

a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples

6

與人類活動(dòng)有特殊關(guān)系的名詞

the life’s time, the play’s plot

7

某些固定詞組

a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措)