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四級翻譯解析
第一套
原文
都江堰(Dujiangyan)坐落在成都平原西部的岷江上,距成都市約50公里,始建于公元前三世紀(jì)。它的獨(dú)特之處在于無需用堤壩調(diào)控水流。兩千多年來,都江堰一直有效地發(fā)揮著防洪與灌溉作用,使成都平原成為旱澇保收的沃土和中國最重要的糧食產(chǎn)地之一。都江堰工程體現(xiàn)了我國人民與自然和諧共存的智慧,是全世界年代最久、仍在使用、無壩控水的水利工程。
參考譯文
Located on the Minjiang River in the west of the Chengdu Plain,Dujiangyan is about 50 kilometers away from Chengdu City,which was built in the third century BC. It is unique since there is no need to use dams to regulate the flow of water. For more than two thousand years, Dujiangyan has been effective in flood control and irrigation, making the Chengdu Plain a fertile soil for drought and flood protection and one of China's most important grain production areas. As the oldest water control project in the world,the Dujiangyan Project embodies the wisdom of the harmonious coexistence of our people and nature,which is still in use and can control water without any blocking dam.
簡析
句1:都江堰坐落在成都平原西部的岷江上,據(jù)成都市約50公里,始建于公元前三世紀(jì)。
解析:“坐落在 be located in“”據(jù)...公里 be away from ...“”建于...世紀(jì) be built in the ...century“ 皆為四級翻譯真題高頻原句,2017年黃山話題,華山話題都已考過?梢姾粚(shí)真題,從真題出發(fā)始終的翻譯板塊的重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)方向。同時(shí),該句為課上重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)過的翻譯高頻句式,多動(dòng)句結(jié)構(gòu):前后主語相同,可運(yùn)用非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)或定語從句進(jìn)行整合翻譯。
譯文:Located on the Minjiang River in the west of the Chengdu Plain,Dujiangyan is about 50 kilometers away from Chengdu City,which was built in the third century BC.
句2:它的獨(dú)特之處在于無需用堤壩調(diào)控水流。
解析:”獨(dú)特“一詞在此句中實(shí)則為名詞類,但也可做為形容詞進(jìn)行翻譯:它是獨(dú)特的因?yàn)?...
”調(diào)控“為‘管理’含義,但可進(jìn)行難詞簡化處理為”控制“ ,”堤壩“若不會翻譯,也可簡譯為上下文提過的話題詞”該工程the project“或”設(shè)備“,或省譯為”無需調(diào)控水流“。
譯文:It is unique since there is no need to use dams to regulate the flow of water.
句3:兩千多年來,都江堰一直有效地發(fā)揮防洪與灌溉的作用,使成都平原成為旱澇保收的沃土和中國最重要的糧食產(chǎn)地之一。
解析:此句依舊為四級翻譯重點(diǎn)句式多動(dòng)句,”使....“與前一句構(gòu)成語義上的目的關(guān)系,因此可運(yùn)用非謂語結(jié)構(gòu),將該句升級書寫;”旱澇保收“為此句的難詞,含義為,“不管天旱還是多雨都有好收成“,此處也可寬泛理解為”regardless of drought and flood”
譯文:For more than two thousand years, Dujiangyan has been effective in flood control and irrigation, making the Chengdu Plain a fertile soil for drought and flood protection and one of China's most important grain production areas.
句4:都江堰工程體現(xiàn)我國人民與自然和諧共存的智慧,是全世界年代最久,仍在使用,無壩控水的水利工程。
解析:此句同上句結(jié)構(gòu)一致,為重點(diǎn)句式多動(dòng)句,可利用介詞短語as(作為)將兩句整合為一句話,后半句定語較多,可將所有定語拆成前后兩部分進(jìn)行書寫,“全世界年代最久”做前置定語,放于水利工程前;“仍在使用,無壩控水” 定語內(nèi)包含動(dòng)詞,可后置寫為定語從句,把定語含義以句子形式解釋出來。
譯文:As the oldest water control project in the world,the Dujiangyan Project embodies the wisdom of the harmonious coexistence of our people and nature,which is still in use and can control water without any blocking dam.
第二套
原文
坎兒井(Karez)是新疆干旱地區(qū)的一種水利系統(tǒng),由地下渠道將水井連接而成。該系統(tǒng)將春夏季節(jié)滲入(seep into)地下的大量雨水及積雪融水收集起來,通過山體的自然坡度引到地面,用于灌溉農(nóng)田和滿足人們的日常用水需求?矁壕疁p少了水在地面的蒸發(fā)(evaporation),對地表破壞很小,因而有效地保護(hù)了自然資源與生態(tài)環(huán)境?矁壕w現(xiàn)了我國人民與自然和諧共存的智慧,是對人類文明的一大貢獻(xiàn)。
參考譯文
Karez is a water conservancy system in the arid area of Xinjiang, in which wells are connected by underground channels. The system collects vast amounts of rainwater and melted snow water that seep into the ground in spring and summer, and draws the water to the ground through the natural slope of the mountain to irrigate farmland and meet people's daily needs. Karez reduces the evaporation of water on the ground and does little damage to the ground, effectively protecting the natural resources and ecological environment. Karez embodies the wisdom of the harmonious coexistence between people and nature, which is a great contribution to human civilization.
簡析
句1:坎兒井( Karez)是新疆干旱地區(qū)的一種水利系統(tǒng),由地下渠道將水井連接而成。
解析:坎兒井( Karez)是新疆干旱地區(qū)的一種水利系統(tǒng) = 主干(坎兒井( Karez)是一種水利系統(tǒng)+定語(新疆干旱地區(qū)的);主干為主系表結(jié)構(gòu),定語可用介詞短語進(jìn)行翻譯;“由地下渠道將水井連接而成”進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明這一水利系統(tǒng),因此可將其處理為定從。
譯文:Karez is a water conservancy system in the arid area of Xinjiang, in which wells are connected by underground channels.
句2:該系統(tǒng)將春夏季節(jié)滲入( seep into)地下的大量雨水及積雪融水收集起來,通過山體的自然坡度引到地面,用于灌溉農(nóng)田和滿足人們的日常用水需求。
解析:本句較長,但是句子成分相對明確;主干:該系統(tǒng)將雨水及積雪融水收集起來,引到地面;狀語:用于灌溉農(nóng)田和滿足人們的日常用水需求+通過山體的自然坡度;定語:春夏季節(jié)滲入( seep into)地下的+大量;狀語定語都是四級常考形式,課上講解技巧完全可以解決。
譯文:The system collects vast amounts of rainwater and melted snow water that seep into the ground in spring and summer, and draws the water to the ground through the natural slope of the mountain to irrigate farmland and meet people's daily needs.
句3:坎兒井減少了水在地面的蒸發(fā)( evaporation),對地表破壞很小,因而有效地保護(hù)了自然資源與生態(tài)環(huán)境。
解析:本句結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,典型的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu);“因而”可以直接處理為結(jié)果狀語或者直接用伴隨狀語進(jìn)行翻譯。
譯文:Karez reduces the evaporation of water on the ground and does little damage to the ground, effectively protecting the natural resources and ecological environment.
句4:坎兒井體現(xiàn)了我國人民與自然和諧共存的智慧,是對人類文明的一大貢獻(xiàn)。
解析:本句結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,主干可以直接用and并列兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞或用多動(dòng)句的處理方法進(jìn)行翻譯;“我國人民與自然和諧共存的”這一定語可直接用介詞短語進(jìn)行翻譯。
譯文:Karez embodies the wisdom of the harmonious coexistence between people and nature, which is a great contribution to human civilization.
第三套
原文
大運(yùn)河(Grand Canal)是世界上最長的人工河,北起北京,南至杭州。它是中國歷史上最宏偉的工程之一。大運(yùn)河始建于公元前4世紀(jì),公元13世紀(jì)末建成。修建之初是為了運(yùn)輸糧食,后來也用于運(yùn)輸其他商品。大運(yùn)河沿線區(qū)域逐漸發(fā)展成為中國的工商業(yè)中心。長久以來,大運(yùn)河對中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展發(fā)揮了重要作用,有力地促進(jìn)了南北地區(qū)之間的人員往來和文化交流。
參考譯文
The Grand Canal, one of the most magnificent projects in the Chinese history, is the longest man-made waterway in the world, which stretches from Beijing in the north to Hangzhou in the south. The construction of the canal began in the 4th century and was completed at the end of 13th century. Originally, it was responsible for grain transportation, and later was used to carry other commodities. The areas along the canal have gradually developed into the center of industry and commerce in China. For a long time, it has played a key role in the economic development of China, promoting the personal exchange and cultural communication between the north and the south greatly.
簡析
句1+句2:大運(yùn)河(Grand Canal)是世界上最長的人工河,北起北京,南至杭州。它是中國歷史上最宏偉的工程之一。
解析:該句中“世界上最長的... one of the longest man-made rivers in the world " 類似句式在2017年6月中珠江、長江、黃河中都有出現(xiàn)過,由此可見回顧往年真題的重要性。在翻譯技巧上,該句屬于課上重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)過的多動(dòng)句的翻譯,可以選擇用定語從句或者并列句來進(jìn)行翻譯。另外,句2句式較為簡單且為對句1的解釋說明,所以采取了同位語的結(jié)構(gòu)來處理。
譯文:The Grand Canal, one of the most magnificent projects in the Chinese history, is the longest man-made waterway in the world, which stretches from Beijing in the north to Hangzhou in the south.
句3:大運(yùn)河始建于公元前4世紀(jì),公元13世紀(jì)末建成。
解析:該句主要注意公元前4世紀(jì)的表述為“the 4th century BC”;另外,需要注意第二個(gè)分句主干需要用到被動(dòng)語態(tài)來處理,以及由于出現(xiàn)了表示過去的時(shí)間所以選擇一般過去時(shí)。
譯文:The construction of the canal began in the 4th century BC and was completed at the end of 13th century.
句4:修建之初是為了運(yùn)輸糧食,后來也用于運(yùn)輸其他商品。
解析:句中“是為了 was responsible for ”,需要注意句中表述為“修建之初”,所以時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí),句式上,同樣是對多個(gè)動(dòng)作的處理,選擇了并列來表達(dá)。
譯文:Originally, it was responsible for grain transportation, and later was used to carry other commodities.
句5:大運(yùn)河沿線區(qū)域逐漸發(fā)展成為中國的工商業(yè)中心。
解析:該句注意定語的翻譯:“大運(yùn)河沿線區(qū)域 areas along the canal”,選擇用介詞短語后置修飾前面的名詞,類似句式也出現(xiàn)在2016年6月烏鎮(zhèn)的題目中。
譯文:The areas along the canal have gradually developed into the center of industry and commerce in China.
句6:長久以來,大運(yùn)河對中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展發(fā)揮了重要作用,有力地促進(jìn)了南北地區(qū)之間的人員往來和文化交流。
解析:詞匯短語上:“長久以來for a long time” 以及“發(fā)揮了...重要作用 play a key role in”都曾出現(xiàn)在往年真題中,再次體現(xiàn)了真題詞匯的重要性。另外句式上,也是多動(dòng)句的處理,選擇了非謂語來表達(dá)。
譯文:For a long time, it has played a key role in the economic development of China, promoting the personal exchange and cultural communication between the north and the south greatly。
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