英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)聽(tīng)力的命題規(guī)律和測(cè)試重點(diǎn)

　�、贛: How about the food I ordered? I've been waiting for 20 minutes already.
      W: I'm very sorry, sir. I'll be back with your order in a minute.
      Q: Who is the man most probably speaking to?
      A. A shop assistant.
      B. A telephone operator.
      C. A waitress.
      D. A clerk.
      與order有關(guān)的自然是waitress,答案為A。

　　(2)說(shuō)話雙方之間的關(guān)系
      該題型是上一題型的延伸,要求同學(xué)們能判斷說(shuō)話者雙方的身份,問(wèn)題經(jīng)常是What's the relationship between the two speakers?
      ①W: How long will it take you to fix my watch?
      M: I'll call you when it's ready. But it shouldn't take longer than a week.
      Q: What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
      A. Librarian and student.
      B. Operator and caller.
      C. Boss and secretary.
      D. Customer and repairman.
      既然女士讓男的fix my watch,說(shuō)明對(duì)方是repairman,而自己是customer。

　�、贛: Sorry to trouble you. But is there any possibility of borrowing a blanket? I feel cold.
      W: I think we've got one. Could you wait until after take-off please?
      Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
      A. A guest and a receptionist.
      B. A passenger and an air hostess.
      C. A customer and a shop assistant.
      D. A guest and a waitress.
      take-off一詞的使用說(shuō)明女的是空姐,答案自然是B。
      可以看出,職業(yè)、身份以及說(shuō)話雙方關(guān)系的選擇所依據(jù)的同樣是信息詞。當(dāng)然,要判斷雙方的關(guān)系,還可以從說(shuō)話的方式入手。如：
      ③M: Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr. Brown.
      W: Certainly sir. As soon as I make the final corrections on the original.
      Q: What's the relationship between the two speakers?
      A. Boss and secretary.
      B. Lawyer and client.
      C. Teacher and student.
      D. Nurse and patient.
      兩人間說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)氣和方式表明是"老板與秘書"的關(guān)系。

      3）計(jì)算題
　　 計(jì)算題在四六級(jí)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力中屬于比較難的題型,要求同學(xué)們不僅能分辨不同的時(shí)間、金錢等數(shù)量概念,還應(yīng)能將聽(tīng)到的各個(gè)數(shù)量聯(lián)系起來(lái)進(jìn)行加減運(yùn)算。如：
      ①M(fèi): Your son seems to have made much progress in playing the piano. Does he attend any piano classes?    
      W: Yes, he takes lessons twice a week, but from next week on, he will go to the class on Saturday evenings, too.
      Q: How often will the woman's son have piano lessons from next week on?
      A. Once a week.
      B. Twice a week.
      C. Three times a week.
      D. Four times a week.
      兩次加一次自然是三次,答案是C。

　�、赪: Professor Clark said that the mid-term exam would cover the first 15 lessons.
      M: Really? I thought it only included the first 12 lessons. Then I must spend the weekend going over the rest of the lessons.
      Q: How many lessons must the man review over the weekend? 
      A. Five lessons.
      B. Three lessons.
      C. Twelve lessons
      D. Fifteen lessons.
      這是最簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算題,只要同學(xué)們不將答案誤認(rèn)為是C或D,就不會(huì)出錯(cuò)。
     
      ③W: Here's a 10-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonight's show please.
      M: Sure. Two tickets and here is '1,40 change.
      Q: How much does one ticket cost?
      A.'1.40. B.'4.30. C.'6.40. D.'8.60
      10美元,兩張票,找零1.40美元,說(shuō)明每張票為4.30美元。
　　從以上例子可以看出,含有數(shù)量概念的題,對(duì)話中提到的數(shù)量一般不可能為正確答案,總要同學(xué)們進(jìn)行一些簡(jiǎn)單的加減運(yùn)算。 
 
      4）言外之意、弦外之音
      推測(cè)說(shuō)話者話中之話是聽(tīng)力中必考的題型。從試題的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)來(lái)看,大體有一下幾種：

　　(1)對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考查
　　包含虛擬語(yǔ)氣的聽(tīng)力考題中一般都有"是與非"相對(duì)的選項(xiàng),這就要求同學(xué)們了解虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表意功能,根據(jù)虛擬語(yǔ)氣判斷正確選項(xiàng)。如：
      ①W: I'm thinking of going to Austin for a visit. Do you think it's worth seeing?
      M: Well, I wish I had been there.
      Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
      A. The man is planning a trip to Austin.
      B. The man has not been to Austin before. 
      C. The man doesn't like Austin.
      D. The man has been to Austin before.
      I wish I had been there.說(shuō)明說(shuō)話人沒(méi)有去過(guò)。

　�、赪: If it hadn't been snowing so hard, I might have been home by 9 o'clock.
      M: It's too bad you didn't make it. Jane was here and she wanted to see you.
      Q: What happened to the woman?
      A. She got home before 9 o'clock.
      B. She had a bad cold.
      C. She had a car accident.
      D. She was delayed.
      If it hadn't been snowing so hard, I might have been home by 9 o'clock.說(shuō)明因?yàn)檠┨��?說(shuō)話者未能在9點(diǎn)前到家。也就是說(shuō)she was delayed。

(2)對(duì)建議的考查
      建議題要求同學(xué)們掌握建議的各種表達(dá)方式,根據(jù)建議選擇正確選項(xiàng)。如：
      ①W: The movie starts in 5 minutes and there's bound to be a long time.
      M: Why don't we come back for the next show? I'm sure it would be less crowded.
      Q: What is the man suggesting?
      A. Coming back for a later show.
      B. Waiting in a queue.
      C. Coming back in five minutes.
      D. Not going to the movie today.
      Why don't…?上一種建議表達(dá)方式,根據(jù)該句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容可以判斷答案是A。

　�、赪: We do need another bookshelf in this room. But the problem is the space for it.
      M: How about moving the old dining table to the kitchen？
      Q: What does the man suggest they should do?
      A. Finding a larger room.
      B. Sell the old table.
      C. Buy two bookshelves.
      D. Rearrange some furniture.
      根據(jù)moving the dining table to the kitchen來(lái)判斷答案為D。
      建議的表達(dá)方式還有：
      Why not…? What do you think of…?
      If I were you/If I were in your shoes, I would…
      Shall we…? I suggest….
      You'd better/You ought to….

　　(3)對(duì)話題的考查
      話題指會(huì)話雙方所談?wù)摰脑掝},要求同學(xué)們具有概括能力。如：
      ①W: Do you want a day course or an evening course?
      M: Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day.
      Q: What are they talking about?
      A. The choice of courses.
      B. A day course.
      C. An evening course. 
      D. Their work.
      兩個(gè)人談?wù)摰氖沁x白天的課還是晚上的課,由此可以判斷答案應(yīng)該是A。

　�、贛: I was terribly embarrassed when some of the audience got up and left in the middle of the performance.  
      W: Well, some people just can't seem to appreciate the real-life drama.
      Q: What are they talking about?
      A. A movie.
      B. A lecture.
      C. A play.
      D. A speech.
      從對(duì)話中的audience, performance與其說(shuō)drama可以判斷他們所談?wù)摰氖莂 play。

      4)同義表達(dá)方式的考查
      四六級(jí)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試中對(duì)隱含意思的考查很大程度上依賴于同義表達(dá)方式，也就是同學(xué)們對(duì)具體句式、短語(yǔ)、詞組甚至單詞的理解。如：
      ①M(fèi): What do you think of Professor Brown's lecture?
      W: The topic was interesting, but the lecture was much more difficult to follow than I had expected. 
      Q: What does the woman say about the lecture?
      A. It was a long lecture, but easy to understand.
      B. It was not as easy as she had expected.
      C. It was as difficult as she had expected.
      D. It was interesting and easy to follow.
      與much more difficult to follow than I had expected同義的應(yīng)該是B。

　　②M: Nancy, why were you late today?
      W: I overslept and missed the bus. 
      Q: Why was Nancy late?
      A. She got up later than usual.
      B. The bus was late.
      C. She forgot she had class.
      D. Her clock was slow.
      overslept也就是got up later than usual。

　　③M: Did you mind coming back by coach instead of by train? 
      W: No, we didn't mind at all. It took a lot longer, but it was very comfortable and it was much cheaper.
      Q: How did the woman feel about the coming back by coach?
      A. She felt it was tiring.
      B. She felt it was very nice.
      C. She felt it took less time.
      D. She thought it was expensive.
      從comfortable和much cheaper來(lái)看，女士的感覺(jué)應(yīng)該是very nice，答案應(yīng)該是B。

　　(5)上下義概念的考查
      有些題盡管問(wèn)題可能問(wèn)的是含義之類，但其實(shí)考查的是同學(xué)們對(duì)上下義關(guān)系的掌握。如：

　�、費(fèi): Let me see. I've printed my family name, first name, date of birth and address. Anything else? 
      W: No, that's all right. We'll fill in the rest of it if you just sign your name at the bottom.
      Q: What has the man been doing?
      A. Having an interview.
      B. Filling out a form.
      C. Talking with a friend.
      D. Asking for information.
      上義詞為概括性詞語(yǔ)，下義詞所表示的則是具體的東西。本題中能夠概括男士所做之事的應(yīng)該是選項(xiàng)B。

　�、贛: What happened to you? You are so late.
      W: The bus I took broke down in front of the hospital and I had to walk from there.
      Q: Why was the woman so late?
      A. Something went wrong with the bus.
      B. She took somebody to hospital.
      C. Something prevented her from catching the bus.
      D. She came on foot instead of taking a bus.
      Something went wrong是對(duì)the bus break down的概括性表述。

　　對(duì)話聽(tīng)力中其它考查項(xiàng)目，如因果、條件、否定、比較等可參看四六級(jí)考試的《聽(tīng)力分冊(cè)》。