閱讀難點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵句200句之四（中英對照）

    61. Of course, it would be as dangerous to overreact to history by concluding that the majority must now be wrong about expansion as it would be to re-enact the response that greeted the suggestion that the continents had drifted.

    62. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain: who were the consumers? What were their motives? And what were the effect of the new demand for luxuries?

    63. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what.

    64. With respect to their reasons for immigrating, Grassy does not deny their frequently noted fact that some of the immigrants of the 1630’s, most notably the organizers and clergy, advanced religious explanations for departure, but he finds that such explanations usually assumed primacy only in retrospect.

    65. If we take the age-and sex-specific unemployment rates that existed in 1956 (when the overall unemployment rate was 4.1 percent) and weight them by the age- and sex-specific shares of the labor force that prevail currently, the overall unemployment rate becomes 5 percent.

    66. He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “ step up” toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.

    67. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large, however, the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economy’s larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided.

    68. However, when investment flows primarily in one direction, as it generally does from industrial to developing countries, the seemingly reciprocal source-based restrictions produce revenue sacrifices primarily by the state receiving most of the foreign investment and producing most of the income—namely ,the developing country partner.

    69. The pursuit of private interests with as little interference as possible from government was seen as the road to human happiness and progress rather than the public obligation and involvement in the collective community that emphasized by the Greeks.

    70. The defense lawyer relied on long-standing principles governing the conduct of prosecuting attorneys: as quasi-judicial officers of the court they are under a duty not to prejudice a party’s case through overzealous prosecution or to detract from the impartiality of courtroom atmosphere.

    71. No prudent person dared to act on the assumption that, when the continent was settled, one government could include the whole; and when the vast expense broke up, as seemed inevitable, into a collection of separate nations, only discord, antagonism, and wars could be expected.

    72. If they were right in thinking that the next necessity in human progress was to lift the average person upon an intellectual and social level with the most favored, they stood at least three generations nearer than Europe to that goal.

    73. Somehow he knows that if our huckstering civilization did not at every moment violate the eternal fitness of things, the poet’s song would have been given to the world, and the poet would have been cared for by the whole human brotherhood, as any man should be who does the duty that every man owes it.

    74. The instinctive sense of the dishonor which money-purchase does to art is so strong that sometimes a man of letters who can pay his way otherwise refuses pay for his work, as Lord Byron did, for a while, from a noble pride, and as Count Tolstoy has tried to do, from a noble conscience.

    75. Perhaps he believed that he could not criticize American foreign policy without endangering the support for civil rights that he had won from the federal government.

    76. Abraham Lincoln, who presided in his stone temple on August 28, 1963 above the children of the slaves he emancipated (解放), may have used just the right words to sum up the general reaction to the Negroes’ massive march on Washington.

    77. In the Warren Court era, voters asked the Court to pass on issues concerning the size and shape of electoral districts, partly out of desperation because no other branch of government offered relief, and partly out of hope that the Court would reexamine old decisions in this area as it had in others, looking at basic constitutional principles in the light of modern living conditions.

    78. Some even argue plausibly that this weakness may be irremediable : in any society that, like a capitalist society, seeks to become ever wealthier in material terms disproportionate rewards are bound to flow to the people who are instrumental in producing the increase in its wealth.

    79. This doctrine has broadened the application of the Fourteenth Amendment to other, nonracial forms of discrimination, for while some justices have refused to find any legislative classification other than race to be constitutionally disfavored, most have been receptive to arguments that at least some nonracial discriminations, sexual discrimination in particular, are “suspect” and deserve this heightened scrutiny by the courts.

    80. But as cameras become more sophisticated, more automated, some photographers are tempted to disarm themselves or to suggest that they are not really armed, preferring to submit themselves to the limits imposed by premodern camera technology because a cruder, less high-powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results, to have more room for creative accident.

    第四部分（61-80句譯文）

    61、當(dāng)然，對歷史反應(yīng)過度以致結(jié)論說關(guān)于擴(kuò)張的問題大多數(shù)人都錯了與重新形成對大陸漂浮建議理論的反應(yīng)一樣，是危險的。將來對于這些關(guān)鍵問題的研究毫無疑問是必要的，然而不應(yīng)該否定最近研究結(jié)論的說服力，在18世紀(jì)的英格蘭對于一些微不足道和有使用價值的商品和服務(wù)的需求，預(yù)示了我們今天的世界。

    62、然而這種消費(fèi)革命的情況還有疑問，三個關(guān)鍵的問題是：消費(fèi)者是什么人？他們的動機(jī)是什么？對于奢侈品的新型需求的效果是什么？

    63、盡管從生產(chǎn)廠商和服務(wù)行業(yè)認(rèn)為他們的顧客需要并實際生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品或者提供的服務(wù)來推斷他是可能的。但只有對實際的消費(fèi)者填寫的個人資料的研究才能清楚地描述顧客的需求。

    64、對于他們移民原因的細(xì)節(jié)，Grassy并不否認(rèn)他們經(jīng)常提出的事實－17世紀(jì)30年代的一些移民主要由組織家和牧師組成，提出了要離開的宗教解釋，但他發(fā)現(xiàn)只是以回顧的方式推定的基本情況。

    65、如果我們將1956年（當(dāng)時的平均失業(yè)率為4、1％）的年齡和性別失業(yè)率分來用今天一般的勞動力中年齡性別比來計算的話，平均失業(yè)率就是5％了。

    66、他很迷惑我并不想要明顯的是所有美國人被教導(dǎo)長大后要追求的東西：金錢和權(quán)力。

    67、除非生產(chǎn)力的增長出人意料的大，不然實際產(chǎn)出的擴(kuò)大最終要開始減緩以適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，這樣才能避免價格的綜合需求壓力。

    68、然而，當(dāng)投資基本上流向一個方面時，就像一般從工業(yè)化到一般發(fā)展中國家一樣，看起來是基于雙方資源的規(guī)定產(chǎn)生的收入損失主要由接收大量外國投資和創(chuàng)造大部分收益的國家來承擔(dān)－即發(fā)展中國家一方。

    69、盡可能沒有政府干預(yù)地追求個人利益被看作為通往人類幸福的道路和進(jìn)步，而不是像希臘人強(qiáng)調(diào)的集體社會中的公共義務(wù)與參與。

    70、辯護(hù)律師依靠長期作用的準(zhǔn)則來約束原告律師的行來：作為法庭的準(zhǔn)司法人員，他們有責(zé)任不能過分起訴來偏見性對待一方的案子或者破壞法庭的公正氣氛。

    71、沒有一個謹(jǐn)慎的人能按如下的假設(shè)行事：當(dāng)陸地確定以后，一個政府并不能包括全部；當(dāng)這種巨大的開銷終于分裂為幾個民族時，這看起來是不可避免的，人們就只能等待著爭論，敵對和戰(zhàn)爭了。

    72、如果他們認(rèn)為人類進(jìn)步的下一步必需是把普通人的智力水平和社會地位向著最受歡迎的方向提高的看法正確的話，他們至少要比歐洲超前三代接近那個目標(biāo)。

    73、他認(rèn)識到如果不是我們的“小貶”文明每時每刻地破壞事實內(nèi)部的和諧的話，詩人的詩歌就該已經(jīng)奉獻(xiàn)給了世界，而詩人也該被全人類關(guān)懷著，每個為大家做事的人都該被如此對待。

    74、金錢購買給藝術(shù)的本能恥辱感如此強(qiáng)烈，以致可有時文人可以獲得報酬卻拒絕為其作品給予的報酬，Lord Byron有時因為尊貴的自豪而這么做，而Count Tolstoy則出于貴族的良知而盡力這么做。

    75、也許他認(rèn)為他批評美國的外支政策就會使他從聯(lián)幫政府那里獲得的對人權(quán)和的支持受到威脅。

    76、Abraham Lincoln在1963年8月28日在他掌管的石頭寺里解放了奴隸的孩子們，使用了正確的詞語來總統(tǒng)對待華盛頓的黑人群眾游行。

    77、在Warren法庭時代，選民們要求法庭通過有關(guān)選區(qū)的大小和形狀的問題，一方面因為出于絕望－沒有什么其他的政府部門提供緩解的辦法；一方面出于希望－法庭根據(jù)現(xiàn)代的生活條件來審視基本的憲法原則,像其他地區(qū)一樣重新審查在這一地區(qū)的舊的規(guī)定。

    78、有些人甚至看似事理地認(rèn)為這一弱點(diǎn)無可補(bǔ)救：在任何一個在物質(zhì)財富方面追求更加富裕的社會中，比如說資本主義社會，比例不均衡的回報肯定要流向那些在創(chuàng)造財富增長的過程中提供設(shè)備的人。

    79、這一學(xué)說把十四修正案的應(yīng)用擴(kuò)大到了其他方面，由于一些法官拒絕用憲法來給除種族外的東西來進(jìn)行法定分類予以否定，許多人覺得這一論點(diǎn)可以接受；至少有一些非種族的歧視，特別是性別歧視被懷疑要受法庭的仔細(xì)審查。

    80、但由于照相機(jī)變得越來越精細(xì)，越來越自動化了，一些攝影師禁不住開始解除他們的裝備或者說他們根本沒什么裝備，而傾向于運(yùn)用那些非現(xiàn)代的照相技術(shù)，因為一架未成熟，力不大的機(jī)器被認(rèn)為更加有趣或者說更能有情緒結(jié)果，給人更多的創(chuàng)作空間。